Text 13

Community of European Shipyards Associations represents the shipbuilding industry from 17 Member States (Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain and United Kingdom).

CESA has a long tradition as representative organization and could look back proudly to decades of fruitful cooperation and constructive dialogue.

Starting in 1937 as "International Shipbuilding Conference", it was re-established after the war as "West European Shipbuilders Informal Contacts" and renamed in 1965 to "Association of West European Shipbuilders", AWES. In the 1980ies, AWES established an EC-linking committee, which later on, mainly for administrative reasons, became a separate sister organization under the name of CESA.

In 2004, AWES and CESA decided to go back to the initial one-organization structure - the COMMUNITY OF EUROPEAN SHIPYARDS' ASSOCIATIONS or, CESA, which had become a well-established trademark in the maritime world as well as in the predominant field of EC related activities.

Industry in numbers:

• More than 300 shipyards producing, converting, maintaining merchant and naval ships and other hardware for maritime applications.

• Approximately € 30 billion turnover each year, close to 75% of ships build are for export markets.

• Provides more than 500.000 jobs in Europe and has secondary effects over life of 60 million citizens from 36 European regions.

• Invests approximately 10% of turnover in Research Development and Innovation every year.

Text 14 Environmentally Friendly Antifouling Paint

Every year, 20 000 tonnes of marine antifouling paint are used to protect the hulls of ships and all submerged equipment against the organisms which adhere to them, encourage deterioration and corrosion and lead to increased energy consumption. These products do however pose a threat to flora and fauna. Moreover, the terms of the European and international regulations governing them are shortly to become much more stringent. Tin, which is an ingredient in 80% of products currently available, will be banned as from 2008.

The new generation of antifouling paints will be composed of active, and in some instances marine-sourced, molecules designed not only to effectively limit the adherence and growth of unwanted organisms, but also to disperse safely and completely along with any dirt when subject to friction in water.

Text 15

Every ship is installed with fresh water production unit which produces fresh water from sea water. The efficient water production unit of the ship helps the vessel owner to save on additional fresh water expenses that are incurred by purchasing water from port suppliers.

Two popular methods for production of fresh water on ships include:

1) Fresh water generator,

2) Reverse osmosis process.

Reverse osmosis is one of the modern methods used by the shipping industry to produce fresh water from sea water. This method of water production does not use waste heat source, unlike fresh water generator, to desalinate the sea water to convert it into fresh water with low salt ppm. As the name suggest, this methods works on reversing the osmosis principle. When a chemical solution is separated from pure water by a semi permeable membrane (allowing passage of water not salt) then the pure water flows through the membrane until all the pure water has passed through or until the hydrostatic pressure head of the salt solution is sufficiently big enough to arrest or stop the process.

Reverse osmosis is the use of this phenomenon in reverse direction. This results in water being forced through the membrane from the concentrated solution toward the more dilute one. This is achieved by applying pressure of the osmotic pressure of the concentrated solution.

The osmotic pressure of sea water is 28 bars but to overcome system losses and the fact that the sea water concentration increases as it passes through the length of the membrane, much higher pressure around 40-70 bar, depending upon the plant size, is required.

A triplex plunger pump is popularly used to produce high pressure across the membrane. The membrane used has a very fine barrier of dense holes which only allows water and gases to pass through, while preventing the passage of solutes such as salt and other impurities.

The fresh water produced after this stage is treated with chemicals and ultraviolet treatment to make it drinkable and useful for other purpose.

REFERENCES

1. Dormidontov, V.K. Shipbuilding technology (Translated from Russian by J. H. Dixon) / V.K. Dormidontov, T.V. Arefyev, N.A. Kiseleva. – Moscow: MIR Publishers.

2. Doroshkevitch, N.O. Conversation English for Seamen / N.O. Doroshkevitch, M.L. Pal. – Москва: «Морскойпорт», 1962.

3. Аваркина, Н.И. Типы и конструкция корпуса морских судов. / Н.И. Аваркина, Л.Ф.Серебрянникова. – КнАПИ, 1985.

4. Короткова, Н.А. Классификация судов. Строительство корпуса судна / Н.А. Короткова. – КнАПИ, 1982.

Электронные ресурсы

1. ABBYY Lingvo.Pro:http://lingvopro.abbyyonline.com/ru

2. Access Science: http://www.accessscience.com/

3. All About Cruising: http://sandnseacruises.blogspot.com/

4. Australia’s Institute for Maritime Education, Training and Research: https://www.amc.edu.au/

5. Belarusian Telegraph Agency: http://news.belta.by/en

6. Business Green Sustainable Thinking: http://www.businessgreen.com/

7. China Shipbuilding, Seabay Marine Corp.: http://www.seabaymarine.com/

8. Community of European Shipyards Associations: http://cesa-shipbuilding.org/

9. Encyclopedia of Business online: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com

10. Encyclopedia.com online: http://www.encyclopedia.com

11. European Commission: http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm

12. Global economic competitiveness cluster: http://www.pole-mer-bretagne.com/

13. International Maritime Organization: http://www.imo.org/

14. Inventor Spot: http://inventorspot.com/

15. Marine in Sight: http://www.marineinsight.com/

16. Social Media Release: http://oursocialmedia.com/

17. TDS Marine & Dry Docking Services: http://drydocking.eu/

18. The Baltic University: http://www.balticuniv.uu.se/

19. The Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions (CPMR): http://crpm.org/

20. Министерство транспорта и коммуникаций Республики Беларусь: http://mintrans.gov.by/

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