Практическое занятие №9 Оборудование. Причастие I

Цели: совершенствование навыков чтения, аудирования, технического перевода текстов профессиональной направленности; повторение правил образования и перевода причастия I.

Краткие теоретические сведения

Причастие I (Participle I) - неличная форма глагола, обладающая свойствами глагола, прилагательного и наречия. Соответствует формам причастия и деепричастия в русском языке.

Таблица 9.1 – Формы причастия I

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	asking	being asked
Perfect	having asked	having been asked

Participle I Indefinite обозначает действие, одновременное с действием глагола-сказуемого.

While translating difficult texts we use a dictionary. Переводя трудные тексты, мы пользуемся словарём.

Participle I Perfect обозначает действие, предшествующее действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым.

Having read the book I returned it to the library. Прочитав книгу, я вернул её в библиотеку.

Функции причастия I

В предложении причастие I (Participle I) может быть:

1 Определением. В этой функции употребляется только Participle I Indefinite, которое соответствует русскому причастию настоящего времени в той же функции.

A smiling girl. Улыбающаяся девочка.

The men building our house with me are my friends. Люди, строящие наш дом вместе со мной, - мои друзья.

2 Обстоятельством. В этой функции Participle I Indefinite Active чаще всего стоит в начале предложения и переводится на русский язык деепричастием несовершенного вида.

Translating the article he consulted the dictionary. Переводя статью, он пользовался словарём.

Перед причастием в функции обстоятельства часто стоят союзы when или while. Такие словосочетания переводятся деепричастным оборотом (или деепричастием) с опущением союза или придаточным предложением, которое начинается с союзов «когда», «в то время как».

While translating the article the student consulted the dictionary. Переводя статью, студент пользовался словарём. /Когда студент переводил статью, он пользовался словарём.

Participle I Indefinite Passive переводится на русский язык обстоятельственным придаточным предложением.

Being built of wood the bridge could not carry heavy loads. Так как мост был построен из дерева, он не мог выдержать больших нагрузок.

Participle I Perfect Active переводится деепричастием совершенного вида.

Having built a house he began building a greenhouse. Построив дом, он начал строить парник.

Participle I Perfect Passive в функции обстоятельства (времени, причины) переводится обстоятельственным придаточным предложением. В качестве подлежащего русского придаточного предложения употребляется подлежащее английского предложения.

Having been built of concrete, the house was cold in winter. Так как дом был построен из бетона, зимой в нём было холодно.

3 Частью сказуемого. Participle I Indefinite Active может быть частью сказуемого.

They are playing chess. Они играют в шахматы.

Порядок выполнения

Задание 1 Прочтите и переведите текст.

Freight cars. Hopper and Gondola cars

Nearly all of us know more about passenger train cars and passenger trains than we know about freight train cars and freight trains, since we have all ridden on passenger trains while a great many of us have never had anything to do with shipping goods on freight cars. The cars on a freight train are known to be seldom alike, they are usually of many types and sizes, special kinds of freight requiring special kinds of cars. But nowadays one can see the so-called bulk trains, that is, trains consisting of wagons of one type only for regular transporting large quantities of goods from one place to another. All world railways have several classes of commonly used cars and there are usually several kinds of cars in each class.

One of the most widely used cars is the car for transporting coal from mines. This car is called an open-top car, for it has no roof. There are two types of open-top cars, the hopper and the gondola car, the latter having a flat floor or bottom. The former, i.e., the hopper car, has a floor sloping downward from each end in some cars from the sides also. The amount of freight to be carried depends upon the size of the floor space and the height of the sides and ends of the car to be used. Therefore we distinguish low-sided and high-sided wagons as well as low-capacity or high-capacity ones. Both hopper and gondolas are used to carry stone, gravel, crushed rock and other bulky materials which may be exposed to weather.

A type of car that is not very old but has become very popular is the covered hopper car. It looks like a conventional hopper but it is roofed. To load or fill the car you use water-tight hatches in its roof and you empty or unload it through its hopper bottom. It is much cheaper to carry bulky materials that cannot be exposed to weather such as cement, dry powered chemicals, etc., in these cars than to place them in bags and ship the bags in special cars.

Задание 2 Закончите следующие предложения.

Вариант 1

1 Bulk materials can be carried in … .

2 Bulky articles are usually carried in … .

3 Open-top cars are known as … .

Вариант 2

1 Since the old time coal was transported in … .

2 Chemicals are always loaded into … .

3 The main parts of any freight car are … .

Задание 3 Перепишите и переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

Вариант 1

1 the engineer carrying out the research

2 the young man entering the institute

3 moving at high speed

4 constructing new roads

5 having changed his behavior

6 having found the new way

7 having obtained the necessary information

Вариант 2

1 the student studying foreign languages

2 the growing population of the country

3 graduating from the institute

4 leaving the town

5 having returned home

6 having passed all examinations

7 having offered her his help

Задание 4 Прослушайте текст «A way to success» (урок 17, СD дорожка 17). Выберите и запишите правильные варианты ответов. Режим доступа https://www.biblio-online.ru/book/

1 The boy was born in ___

A New York.

B Hollywood.

C Santa Barbara.

D California.

2 The boy got his first big part when he was ___

A five.

B ten.

C nine.

D fourteen.

3 The producers didn’t think he was the right child for the TV show because ___

A his father moved away from home.

B TV wasn’t the only interesting thing.

C he lived in a bad street.

D he always wanted to play.

4 The boy got only small parts because ____

A he auditioned but wasn’t a success.

B a producer didn’t like his name.

C there were lots of other actors to compete with.

D more important parts were not easy for him.

5 Which statement is true?

A The boy didn’t go to Hollywood because his family moved from California.

B Apart from their job on TV actors usually audition in Hollywood.

C The boy liked watching movies and reading.

D The boy played his first big part five times.

Задание 5 Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на причастие I.

1 The wagons rolling down a hump in the marshalling yard stop at the proper place.

2 A freight train starting on its run usually consists of cars moving to a number of different destinations.

3 Controlling the operation of trains the dispatcher provides the safety of traffic.

4 Having been tested the new CTC system was put into operation.

5 The passenger station is in a valley leading to the hills.

6 The operator has a diagram showing him where every train is.

Содержание отчета

1 Тема и цель занятия.

2 Выполненное задание 3.

3 Выполненное задание 4.

4 Вывод о проделанной работе.

Контрольные вопросы и задания

1 Как образуется Причастие I?

2 Какие формы имеет Причастие I?

3 Как переводится на русский язык Причастие I?

4 Переведите словосочетания на русский язык: the plant producing machinery, receiving important information, refusing to give an explanation, having installed a new equipment.