Практическое занятие №2

Транспорт. Основные видовременные формы английского глагола действительного залога

Цель – совершенствование лексико-грамматических навыков.

Краткие теоретические сведения

Таблица 2.1 – Английский глагол. Времена действительного залога

	Indefinite (Simple)	Continuous (Progressive)	Perfect
Present	V, Vs We paint pictures. He paints pictures. They don't paint pictures. He doesn't pait pictures. регулярные действия в настоящем факты, истины (Cats catch mice) расписание (The train leaves at 5) после if и when для обозначения будущих действий	am (is, are) + Ving We are painting pictures. He is painting a picture. I am not painting a picture. процесс в момент речи или вокруг него (I'm reading a book now) запланированное действие (We are leaving for Moscow tonight) эмоции (I'm always losing my keys)	have (has) + V3 I have painted the picture. He has sold the picture. Результат действия, завершивш. к наст. моменту жизненый опыт (I've never been to Egypt) действие началось в прошлом и продолжилось до наст. мом. (I've always loved you)
Past	Ved / V2 We painted pictures. Did you paint pictures? He was ill. Was he ill? факты, события, регулярные действия в прошлом	was (were) + Ving We were painting pictures from 1 to 5. He wasn't painting, he was sleeping. Was he painting?   процесс в прошлом	had + V3 He had cooked dinner before I came. Он приготовил обед до того, как я пришел. He hadn't cooked dinner by 5. действие, завершившееся к определённому моменту в прошлом
Future	will V1 He will paint a picture. предсказание обещание, предложение спонтанное решение	will be + Ving He will be painting his picture for 2 years. Will he be painting? ... процесс в будущем запланированное действие	will have + V3 He will have painted his picture by July. Он нарисует картину к июлю. завершенное действие в будущем

Порядок выполнения

Задание 1 Прочтите и переведите текст.

From the history of railway construction in Russia

The beginning of railway construction in Russia may be traced as far back as the second half of the 18th century. Road building is known to be closely connected with the development of mining industry. The first tramway in Russia was built in 1788 to link the mines and the steel works. A lengthy horse-driven railway was constructed using cast-iron rails by R.K.Frolov, a Russian engineer, in 1806-1809, its length being 1,867 m.

Railway construction for public use was begun in 1835 when Russian railway engineers began surveying the country in order to build a railway to connect St. Petersburg with Tsarskoye Selo. In 1836 workmen started laying the rails and on November 13,1837 the first train passed over the 27 km line. The average height of the embankment was 3 metres; the gauge was 6 ft, which is one foot broader than the European one. Rails, cars and locomotives were ordered from abroad.

The Tsarskoselskaya railway was soon followed by the St.Petersburg—Moscow railway, which was under construction from 1843 to 1851. The work was directed by two prominent engineers, P.P. Melnikov and H.O. Kraft. Throughout 650 km of its length, 185 bridges and 19 viaducts were built in order to make the line as straight as possible. It was on this line that flat-bottom rails were first used in Russia and the standard gauge was introduced.

Задание 2 Прочитайте и переведите слова и словосочетания.

Cast iron, length, mining industry, horse-driven, straight, height, locomotive, throughout, gauge.

Задание 3

Вариант 1

Соотнесите синонимы в левой и правой колонках.

single to construct

coach to make greater

truck quick

manner body

fast way

to build one

to increase car

Вариант 2

Соотнесите антонимы левой и правой колонок.

heavy fortunately

small outside

comfortable exterior

long light

inside short

interior uncomfortable

unfortunately big

Задание 4 Образуйте отрицательное и вопросительное предложения:

Вариант 1

1 The worker stopped the machine.

2 The engineers will have finished their calculations by next Friday.

Вариант 2

1 They had arrived by 10 o’ clock.

2 A cat likes meat.

Задание 5 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в необходимое время действительного залога:

Вариант 1

1 In 1895 Popov (give) a working demonstration of the first radio receiver in the world.

2 I never (subscribe) to a foreign newspaper.

3 By next Sunday the tourists (leave) our town.

4 He (to begin) to write his composition at three o'clock. It is already eleven, and he still (to write) it. He says he (to finish) it by twelve. 

5 Tomorrow father (to come) late. We (to do) all our homework and (to drink) tea when he (to come). 

Вариант 2

1 A great demonstration (take place) on every seventh of November in Red Square.

2 Hello, Peter! Where you (to go)? — I (to go) to the library.

3 The students (return) to the town by the first of September.

4 It was clear to me that I never (meet) that man before.

5 What the chil­dren (to do) now? — Oh, they (to play) the new table game which I (to buy) for them the day be­fore yesterday. 

Задание 6 Прочитайте и переведите диалог.

Booking Tickets in Advance

George: It is often difficult or impossible to get tickets on the day of the train`s departure. That`s why I would like to book my ticket in advance. I would like a first-class ticket for a day train to Glasgow for next Sunday, please.

Booking-clerk: There is a slow train to Glasgow at 04.45 a.m. This train arrives in Glasgow at 21.05. And there is a fast train to Glasgow at 07.10 a.m. This express arrives in Glasgow at 16.10.

George: I won`t take the 04.45 train. I can`t get up so early in the morning on Sunday. And on Monday I have to work. I`m going to Glasgow on business.

Booking-clerk: Then take the fast train at. 07.10 a.m.

George: Could you give me a lower berth, please.

Booking-clerk: Let me see. Unfortunately I can give you only an upper berth on this train.

George: I take an upper berth because I must arrive in Glasgow on Sunday. How much is it?

Booking-clerk: Return or single ticket?

George: Return, please.

Booking-clerk: Forty pounds.

George: Here you are.

Booking-clerk: Thank you. And here are your tickets. Carriage 10, compartment 3. Have a nice trip!

George: Thanks a lot!

Задание 7 Составьте диалог по теме «At the booking office».

Задание 8 Выполните тестирование в режиме on-line. Режим доступа: https://uup.tigt.ru/dnevnik/

Содержание отчета

1 Тема и цель занятия.

2 Выполненное задание5.

3 Результат тестирования задания 8.

5 Вывод о проделанной работе.

Контрольные вопросы

1 Как образуются времена группы Simple Active?

2 Как образуются времена группы Progressive Active?

3 Как образуются времена группы Perfect Active?

4. Какие временные формы глаголов переводятся на русский язык глаголом прошедшего времени?

Практическое занятие №3