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1. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст. Common law

Common Law is a term, which describes the main body of English unwritten law that evolved from the 12th century onward. The name comes from the idea that English medieval law, as administered by the courts, reflected the «common» customs of the kingdom. This system of law prevails in Great Britain and in those countries, such as Canada and the United States that were originally colonized by English settlers.

The common law is based on the principle of deciding cases by reference to previous judicial decisions, rather than to written statutes drafted by legislative bodies. Common law can be contrasted to the civil law system, based on ancient Roman law, found in continental Europe and elsewhere.

As the number of judicial decisions accumulates on a particular kind of dispute, general rules or precedents emerge and become guidelines for judges deciding similar cases in the future. Subsequent cases, however, may reveal new and different facts and considerations, such as changing social or technological conditions. A common law judge is then free to depart from precedent and establish a new rule of decision, which sets a new precedent as it is accepted and used by different judges in other cases.

2. Підберіть відповідні еквіваленти перекладу:

1) common law

A) законодавчій орган

2) main body

B) справа

3) unwritten law

C) переважати

4) to prevail

D) неписаний закон

5 a case

E) основна частина

6) legislative body

F) загальне (некодифіковане) право

7) judicial decisions

G) прецедент

8) social or technological conditions

H) суддя

9) judge

I) основна частина

10) precedent

J) судові рішення

3. Знайдіть пояснення терміну:

1) common law

A) develop gradually

2) principle

B) one of a set of explicit or understood regulations or principles governing conduct or procedure within a particular area of activity

3) precedent

C) a disagreement or argument

4) judge

D) having the power to make laws

5) statute

E) a previous case or legal decision that may be or ( binding precedent) must be followed in subsequent similar cases

6) dispute

F) a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behaviour or for a chain of reasoning

7) rule

G) the action of mentioning or alluding to something

8) evolve

H) a written law passed by a legislative body

9) legislative

I)  is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals

10) reference

J) a public officer appointed to decide cases in a law court