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4. Translate into Ukrainian.

The country we are going to visit has the name of Great Britain; it has water on all sides and is an island. It is not a very big country. Ukraine is bigger, but there і are more people hi Great Britain than in Ukraine. Great Britain has 3 parts; they are England, Scotland and Wales. England is the biggest part; it is in the centre of the island. The other two parts are much smaller. Not very many people live there, they have their languages and cultures but they all speak English because English is the official language. Great Britain has very beautiful rivers, mountains and lakes. There are large cities in Great Britain but many people live in small towns or villages. London is the capital city of the country. It is a very old city, and it has a lot of historical monuments. You can get to Great Britain by plane, by ship, by train or by car. Great Britain is an independent state in Europe. It has its national anthem and flag. The flag has colours of the parts of the country; its name is Union Jack. Great Britain is a monarchy. Now the head of the state in Great Britain is Queen Elizabeth II but she does not really rule the country. The people of Great Britain love their queen but they elect the Parliament , and the real head of the state is the Prime Minister.

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Read and translate the text.

Great britain

In everyday speech, "Great Britain" is used to mean the UK. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland occupies the territory of the British Isles which arc situated to the north-west of Europe. They consist of two main islands: Great Britain and Ireland. England is in the south of the island of Great Britain, Scotland is in the north and Wales is in the west. Northern Ireland is situated in the north-eastern part of Ireland. It is one thirtieth the size of Europe.

Great Britain is surrounded by seas on all sides. Its western coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. In the east the island of Great Britain is washed by the North Sea. TbeJrish Sea, the North Channel and the St. George's Channel separate Ireland from Great Britain. Great Britain is separated from France by the English Channel, which is 32 km wide in its narrowest part. Still there are many lakes in Scotland. The most beautiful is Loch Lomond. There are no big rivers in Great Britain. The biggest are Severn and Thames. There is a lot of mountain in Great Britain, but they are not high. The highest mountain — Ben Nevis — is in Scotland. The flora of the British Isles is much varied and the fauna is similar to that of the north-west of Europe. The country is not very rich in natural recourses.

London is the capita! of the UK. It was founded by the Romans, The populat ion of Londou is over 8 million people. The largest cities of Great Britain besides London are: Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds, and Edinburgh. The most important seaports are: London, Liverpool, Belfast, Glasgow and Cardiff. Oxford and Cambridge are University cilics. Great Britain has a veiy good position as it lies on the crossways of the sea routes from Europe to the other parts of the world. There are many countries which are connected with Great Britain by sea. Thanks to Gulf Stream the climate of Great Britain is mild. It is often foggy and rainy. The summer is not very hot and the winter is not very cold.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It lives by manufacture and trade. Its agriculture provides only half the food it needs, the other half of its food has to be imported. Britain is one of the most highly industrialised countries in the world: for ever}' person employed in agriculture, eleven are employed in mining, manufacturing and building. The main branches of British economy are engineering, mining, ship-building, motor vehicle manufacturing, textile, chemistry, electronics, fishing and food processing. The industrial centers of Great Britain are London. Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool. Sheffield and others.

As to its political system it is a constitutional monarchy. The power of the Queen (now Elizabeth) is limited by Parliament which includes two Houses — the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Prime Minister is usually the head of the party which is in power. There are the following parties there: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party and the Liberal Party. Great Britain is a country of strong attraction for tourists, especially in spring and summer. The charm of it lies in its variety of scenery: the finest combination of sea and high land, the valleys of South Wales, the smiling orchards of Kent, the sea lakes of Scotland, its fields and woodland parks — everything is quiet and green.

Answer the questions:

    1. What is the United Kingdom? What countries does it unite?

    2. What countries is Great Britain made up of?

    3. What is Britain's climate characterized with?

    4. What people inhabit Britain?

    5. What languages do Engiishmen speak?

    6. Who is the constitutional monarch of Great Britain now?

    7. Does the Queen perform government's acts herself?

    8. Why are there many ports in Great Britain ?

    9. What is the relationship between the Queen and the Parliament in Britain?

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