3.3 Answer the following questions:
1. Name fiber products.
2. Name glued products.
3. Where are lumber and timbers used?
4. How plywood panels are made?
5. Have you got any new information from the text?
3.4 Make up the plan of the text1, putting the names of the parts according to the text 1:
1. Miscellaneous.
2. Fiber products.
3. Glued products.
4. Lumber and timbers.
3.5 Write out from the text all words and word – combinations with the word “wood” and translate them into Russian. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
Example: plywood – фанера
solid wood – плотная древесина
3.6 Complete the sentences with the following words: chippers, chipping, chips, chips.
… in the forest has many advantages. There are tree … which lift up the tree, swallow it at one end, spew …at the other end. There are a few disadvantages in this operation. In the swallowing of the whole tree, the bark, which is undesirable for pulping, is also ground up into …. This causes darker and dirtier pulp and makes the bleaching problem more difficult.
3.7 Read and translate the text using a dictionary, paying attention to the bold words Title the text.
In the field of research, work continues along many lines to discover new effective methods for the conservation of wood substance now unused to forms and products suited to our needs. Sawmill waste, in the form of slabs, edgings, and trim is being converted to pulp chips. Sawdust, which is in demand for domestic and commercial heating, has been experimenttally converted to pulp from which paper can be produced. The sawing of small dimension stock, broom handles, and the like materials from slabs or short bolts is another form of recovery now practiced to some extend. By microbiological means research work is directed toward discovery of methods for the recovery of usable substances from sawdust and small size waste. Experiments are also in progress to determine the value of sawdust as an agricultural fertilizer.
3.8 Read the text 2 using a dictionary. Text 2 a. Wood for craftsmen
T
he
same structure that gives cedar its excellent insulating and sound
suppressing qualities makes it a lightweight wood, easy to handle and
craft for both the professional and do-it-yourselfer. Cedar is a
pleasure to work with using either hand or machine tools. The wood
can be cut, shaped, planed, sanded, nailed and glued easily. It is
free of pitch and resin and it finishes to a richly glowing surface
that can be enhanced with semi-transparent or full-bodied stains.
Since moisture is a factor in the checking process, the depth and span of the checks will vary upon placement outdoors. Direct sunshine contributes to the drying of logs, therefore widening their cracks. Moisture and indirect light will shrink cracks. Although White Cedar possesses much of the same cell properties of western red cedar, (which makes them both the desired woods for outdoor use), it contains much less of the natural acidic tannins that help to preserve western red cedar. Therefore white cedar will not last quite as long as western red cedar wood.
Characteristics of White Cedar LogProducts:
It’s normal for all cedar log furniture to endure the natural process of checking as the wood “seasons”. Checking occurs as a wooden log releases moisture across or through the annual growth rings. It does not affect the structural performance or integrity of the wood. All logs which contain the heart of the tree will develop lengthwise cracks or checks. The check never goes deeper than the heart.