- •От автора
- •Part I parts of a tree Unit 1 The functional parts of a tree
- •1.1 Active vocabulary:
- •1.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 Tree structure
- •2.1 Active vocabulary:
- •1.8 Match the terms with their definitions:
- •1.9 Find sentences from the text1 with Participles and translate them.
- •1.10 Read the text 2 and title it. Text 2
- •1.11 Topic for discussion.
- •U nit 2 The crown
- •2.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 The crown and leaf structure
- •2.3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •2.6 Describe the leaves (figure 2.6).
- •2.7 Match the terms with their definitions:
- •2.8 Skim the text 2. Single out the key sentences and write down them. Text 2 Tree shapes
- •2.9 Topic for discussion.
- •It is interesting to know
- •Unit 3 The crown parts
- •3.1 Active vocabulary:
- •3.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary.
- •The crown parts and functions
- •A. Seeds
- •B. Branches, twigs and buds
- •3.3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •3.5 Divide the words into 3 groups according their meanings:
- •3.6. Read and translate the text 2, paying attention to the bold words. Text 2 Kapok tree
- •3.7 Match the words with their definitions:
- •3.8 Read the text 1 again and say if the statements are false or true. Correct the false ones.
- •3.9 Skim the text 3 and tell what it is about. Text 3 Leaves and Needles
- •It is interesting to know
- •Unit 4 Roots
- •4.1 Active vocabulary:
- •4.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 Root structure
- •4.3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •4.4 Match the words with their definitions:
- •Text 2 Mangrove trees
- •4.10 Topic for discussion.
- •Unit 5 The trunk
- •5.1 Active vocabulary:
- •Text 1 The trunk structure and functions
- •5.3Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •5.5 Find the sentences with the ing-forms of the verbs in the text 2 and explain their using.
- •5.6 Choose the correct answer for the questions:
- •5.7 Choose the correct word.
- •5.8 Skim the texts 3and 4. Title them. Write down an annotation of the texts. Text 3
- •4.10 Topic for discussion.
- •It is interesting to know Aspen tree trunk
- •Part 2 tree Unit 1 Tree classification
- •1.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. T Figure 1.1 Sugar Maple ext 1 Tree types
- •1.3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •1.4 Match the terms with their definitions:
- •1.5 Read the text 1 again and say if the statements are false or true. Correct the false ones.
- •1.6 Divide the text 1 into four parts and name them.
- •1.7 Skim the texts 2and 3. Write down an annotation of the texts. Text 2 How to Study Trees
- •Text 3 Shrubs and trees
- •It is interesting to know Popular poplars
- •Interesting facts about trees
- •4.10 Topic for discussion.
- •Unit 2 How trees live and grow
- •2.1 Active vocabulary
- •2.2 Read and translate the text1 using a dictionary. Text 1 How Trees Live
- •Text 2 a. How Does a Tree Grow?
- •Text 3 Dendrochronology
- •2.8 Topic for discussion.
- •Unit 3 Trees
- •3.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. A. Cypress
- •B. Sugar Maple
- •C. Silver Fir
- •D. English Oak
- •E. Baobab
- •F. Norway spruce
- •G. Teak
- •H. Lodgepole pine
- •3.5 Make up summary chart of some trees (use the texts a-h).
- •3.6 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 Strange Kinds of Trees
- •3.7 Topics for discussion.
- •It is interesting to know
- •Part III forest Unit 1 What a forest is?
- •1.2 Read and translate the text using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 Forest classification
- •1.3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •1.4 Divide the text into the main paragraphs and name each of them.
- •1.5 Complete the definitions with the following words and word-combinations: steppe, tropical rainforests, field, savanna, boreal forest, tundra. What is it?
- •1.6 Compare coniferous and deciduous forests, according to the plan. Use the information given below.
- •Temperate Deciduous Forest
- •Description of temperate deciduous forests
- •C oniferous Forest d Figure 1.4 Coniferous forest (Beaverlode, Albergta, Canada) escription of coniferous forests
- •Unit 2 Forests
- •2.1. Read the texts with the help of a dictionary. A. Forests of Russia
- •B. Britain’s forests
- •C. Forests of the usa
- •D. Forests of Canada
- •E. Australian forests
- •F. Forests of China
- •2.2 Make up summary chart of forests in different countries (use the texts a-f).
- •2.4 Skim the text 1. Write down an annotation of the text. Title the text. Text 1
- •2.5 Topic for discussion.
- •Unit 3 Rainforests Text1 Tropical rainforests
- •3.1 Read and translate the text 1 using a dictionary.
- •11.4 Divide the text into the main paragraphs and name each of them.
- •11.5 Read the text 1 again and say if the statements are false or true. Correct the false ones.
- •11.6 Skim the text 2. Title it. Write down an annotation of the text. Text 2
- •11.2 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •11.7 Topic for discussion.
- •1.1 Read and translate the text 1 using a dictionary.
- •1.3 Make up the plan of the text 1, putting the names of the parts according to the text 1:
- •1.4 Write out from the text all word-combinations with the word «forest»and translate them into Russian. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
- •1.6 Skim the text 2 (a, b). Write down an annotation of the texts. Text 2 a. Forest Service in The usa
- •B. Forestry in the uk
- •1.7 Read and translate the text. Professional foresters
- •1.8 Speak on
- •Unit 2 Protecting the forest
- •2.1 Read and translate the text1 using a dictionary.
- •Forest problems
- •Insect and Disease Problems
- •The Control of Fire
- •Text 2 Trees in danger
- •2.8 Study figure 2.4 and tell about Bark beetle life cycle.
- •2.9 Read the text 3 without a dictionary. Text 3
- •2.10 Discuss the information from the text 3. Unit 3 Forest Products
- •3.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 f Figure 3.1 a wall lamp made partially from plywood orest Products
- •3.3 Answer the following questions:
- •3.4 Make up the plan of the text1, putting the names of the parts according to the text 1:
- •3.5 Write out from the text all words and word – combinations with the word “wood” and translate them into Russian. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
- •3.7 Read and translate the text using a dictionary, paying attention to the bold words Title the text.
- •3.8 Read the text 2 using a dictionary. Text 2 a. Wood for craftsmen
- •3.9 Skim the text 3. Write down an annotation of the text. Text3 Wood Production
- •3.10 Topic for discussion.
- •Part V texts for additional reading
- •1 Tree parts and how they «work»
- •2 The buds
- •3 Photosynthesis
- •4 The root system
- •5 Hardwood Forests
- •6 Softwood Forests
- •7 Mangrove Forests
- •8 Improving the Forest
- •9 Sap flow in desert trees
- •10 Birch
- •11 Kapok Tree
- •12 Common Lime
- •14 Temperate forest
- •15 Layers of the Rainforest
- •16 Urban Tree Decline
- •Figure 16.1 Maple declining from paving
- •17 Forest fires a Positive Effects of Forest Fires
- •B Negative Effects of Forest Fires
- •18 Soil and Forests of Russia
- •19 The Russian boreal forests
- •20 Larch Forest in Krasnoyarsk
- •21 Bashkortostan protected nature areas
- •Celtic Astrological Signs
- •What are different woods used for?
- •English-Russian vocabulary of the main Forestry Terms
- •29. Farmsteads
- •85. Unforested lands
- •Units of meazurement
- •Библиографический список
- •Contents
Библиографический список
1. Aas G., Reidmiller A. Trees of Britain and Europe. – Harper Collins Publishers, 1994.
2. Akinyemi R. Rainforests. – Oxford Bookworms Factfiles. – Oxford University Press, 2002. – 22 p.
3. American beech, http: // www. yale. edu/fes505b/ beech.html (Jan, 2001).
4. Common Lime, http: // doon. mayo – ireland. ie/limec. html (Feb, 2003).
5. Dubrovin M. A book of English and Russian proverbs and sayings. – Moscow, 1993.
6. Forests of Russia. – Encyclopedia, 1995. – Under the general editorship of Utcin A.I.
7. In the English-Speaking World. – Chancerel International Publishers, 1998.
8. Maclean, Norman. Young Men and Fire. – Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1992.
9. Parfit, Michael. National Geogrphic. – September, 1990. – Р. 116-138.
10. Planet Earth Forest. – Jake Page and the editors of Time – Life Books. – 1990. – 176 p.
11. Platt R.H. Discover American Trees, 1968. – Dodd.
12. Temperate Deciduous Forest, http: // www. coff. edu/ete/ modules/msese/earthsysflr/clymo5.html (June 4, 2000).
13. Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome, http://mbgnet.mobot.org/ pfg/diverse/temp/index.htm.
14. WorldBiomes, http://www.bluplanetbiomes.org/worldbiomes.htm (Jan, 2001).
15. Wierthner, George. Fire Power // National parks. – May-June. – 1995. – P. 32-36.
16. http://www.bashedu.ru/konkkurs/flora_e.htm.
17. http://english.forestindustries.fi.
18. http://www.wf.com.
19. http://en. wikipedia.org./wiki.
20. http://tl.ru/razn/proverbs.htm.
21. http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/deciduous_forest.htm.
22. http://www.fix.net/-ggoven/trees.html
23. http://www.connexions-direct.com/jobs4u/index.cfm?pid=49.
24. http://www.arizonatrees.com/AZTimes%20Horticultural/Sap%20 Excretion.htm.
25. Басырова Ф.А. English for University Postgratuates. – Уфа: Изд-во БГУ, 2002. – 128 с.
26. Можаев Д.В., Новиков Б.Н., Рыбаков Д.М. Англо-русский и русско-английский лесотехнический словарь. – М., 1983.
Contents
От автора 3
Part I Parts of a tree 5
Unit 1 The Functional parts of a tree 5
Unit 2 The crown 9
Unit 3 The crown parts 15
Unit 4 Roots 21
Unit 5 The trunk 25
Part II Tree 30
Unit 1 Tree classification 30
Unit 2 How trees live and grow 35
Unit 3 Trees 39
Part III Forest 50
Unit 1 What a forest is? 50
Unit 2 Forests 55
Unit 3 Rainforests 61
Part IV Forestry 65
Unit 1 Forest management 65
Unit 2 Protecting the forest 71
Unit 3 Forest Products 77
Part V. Texts for additional reading 83
1 Tree parts and how they «work» 83
2 The buds 85
3 Photosynthesis 86
4 The root system 86
5 Hardwood Forests 87
6 Softwood Forests 88
7 Mangrove Forests 89
8 Improving the Forest 90
9 Sap flow in desert trees 91
10 Birch 92
11 Kapok Tree 94
12 Common Lime 95
13 The Oak-Hickory Forest 96
14 Temperate forest 98
15 Layers of the rainforest 99
16 Urban Tree Decline 100
17 Forest fires 100
18 Soil and Forests of Russia 102
19 The Russian boreal forests 103
20 Larch Forest in Krasnoyarsk 104
21 Bashkortostan protected nature areas 105
Appendices 107
Celtic Astrological Signs 107
What are different woods used for? 110
English-Russian vocabulary of the main Forestry Terms 112
Glossary 117
Some idiomatic expressions 125
Units of meazurement 126
Библиографический список 127
Учебное издание
Зульфия Наилевна Изимариева
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ДЛЯ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА
Учебное пособие
по английскому языку
для студентов специальности 250201 лесное хозяйство
Технический редактор Н.А. Николаенко
Отпечатано с готовых диапозитивов
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