3.7 Match the words with their definitions:

Acorn	a small branch on a tree or shrub that is connected to a larger branch
Fruit	fruit of certain trees, such as maples and elms. It has a seed and a “wing”
Seed	a type of fruit that contains several seeds in it. It will split open when ripe and release the seeds
Samara	the part of a plant that grows where a flower used to be, after the flower was pollinated and died
Pod	the nut of the oak tree
Twig	the part of a plant that can make another plant

3.8 Read the text 1 again and say if the statements are false or true. Correct the false ones.

1. Within each seed is the soft tissue that is the basis a new tree.

2. White or paper mulberry grows from seeds.

3. Pine grows from shoots.

4. Scientists use various names to call seeds and their coats.

6. Terminal buds are located at the very ends of the twigs.

5. Limb is a small terminal branch section that may bear leaves.

3.9 Skim the text 3 and tell what it is about. Text 3 Leaves and Needles

B

Figure 3.5

ranches connect the trunk to the leaves and transport water and minerals to the leaves. The leaves, which are held up by branches, are arranged in a way that captures maximum sunlight. The tips of branches are known as twigs and these are the growing ends of the tree. Leaves grow on the twigs and produce food for the whole tree, but can only do this in sunlight. Leaves (figure 3.4) and needles (figure 3.3) are the food factories in the tree’s crown. Food-making, or photosynthesis, begins when the sun’s warmth and light is trapped by green chlorophyll in the leaves. This energy is used to combine carbon dioxide from the atmosphere with water drawn from the roots to create sugar and starch. The inner bark then carries this food to all living parts of the tree. In turn, oxygen and water are released into the atmosphere as by-products of photosynthesis.

It is interesting to know

“General Sherman”

Trees, which have been in existence for over 400 million years, are the world’s largest living creatures. The world’s biggest tree, a giant sequoia named “General Sherman” (figure 3.5), stood over 83 metres tall, measured over 31 metres in circumference and weighed about 6,096 tonnes, when it was last measured in 1975! Can you believe that it grew from a seed that weighed only 5 milligrams? That’s smaller than a vitamin pill!

Give the Russian equivalents for the proverbs.

A tree is known by its fruits.

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

Great oaks from little acorns grow.

He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.

Unit 4 Roots

4.1 Active vocabulary:

cortex	кожица; корка
epidermal cell	клетки эпидемия
fibrous root	волокнистый корень
hair-roots	корневые волоски
meristem	меристема
nutrient	питательное вещество
parenchyma	паренхима
primary root	первичный корень
root cap	корневой чехлик
secondary root	вторичный корень
surface root	поверхностный корень
vacuole	вакуоля