14. Translate the sentences with the Complex Object paying attention to the meaning of the verbs “cause” and “make”.

The ancients thought electricity to be invisible fluid.
We consider nuclear energy to be the prime source of heat energy.
The early discoveries in nuclear science showed the atomic nucleus to be a vast source of energy.
Maxwell found the speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves to be equal to the ratio of electromagnetic to the electrostatic units of charge.
At some distance above the Earth, ultra-violet radiation from the Sun causes some of the molecules to dissociate from the molecular state to the atomic state.
What makes a satellite go around the Earth and stay in its orbit?
The tendency of a body to continue to move in a straight line is very evident when for some reason it is necessary to make the body move in a circle.
The air flowing over and under a wing causes the pressure to be less than atmospheric on the upper side of the wing.
The more stages, the more difficult it is to make an amplifier run in a stable fashion.

15. Translate the groups of words and sentences paying attention to the structure “for+noun(pronoun)+infinitive”.

8 minutes are required for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth.
Nearly a month is required for the Moon to circle the Earth.
The satellite of Neptune is too far away for its size to be known with any accuracy.
For combustion to be rapid, the fuel and oxidant must be quickly mixed.
For ions to be formed, a considerable amount of energy must be given to the parent atoms.
In order for the airplane to climb, thrust must exceed drag.
In order for the radar system to operate properly, the radar receiver must be tuned to the magnetron frequency.
To start a chain reaction it is necessary for at least one neutron to hit a Uranuium-235 nucleus.
Certain conditions are necessary for the existence of life to be possible on planets.
To observe the artificial satellite optically it is necessary for it to be illuminated by the Sun.
In order for a proton or neutron to leave the nucleus much energy is required.
Four years are required for light to travel from the nearest star to the Earth.

16. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of infinitive clauses:

We assume the program to have been carefully developed.
For correct conclusions to be drawn all the conditions must be observed.
These particles have recently been discovered to be of complex structure.
We saw the particles behave in an unusual way under given conditions.
Roentgen is known to have discovered a means for photographing the inside of things.
It is possible for atoms to have the same chemical properties, and different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
Mistakes are likely to occur if this calculation is made mentally.
This test appears not to be obligatory, but it is advisable.
This e.m.f. is said to be one of polarization.
The alternations of the current are too rapid for it to be affected by polarization.
It was necessary for the device to be tested.
Automation has been found to be particularly effective in continuous cycle production and operation of thermal and hydropower plants.
There is said to be a 120-degree phase difference between any two line voltages or any two star voltages.
These fault tests cannot be expected to give absolutely accurate results.
From an elementary point of view, a semiconductor may be considered to be an electronic conductor which has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance over some temperature range.
One may expect a knowledge of the dynamics of electronic processes to lead to the gradual creation of electronic power engineering.
Both processes provide a means for the electrons to return to their normal ground states.

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