Comprehension check Ex. 3. Which of the following is the main idea of the text:

1. Today managers use a number of approaches to motivate their employees to do their best work.

2. A good manager ought to provide employees with positive motivators.

3. Two general factors influence motivation: (a) the need for survival and physical well-being, and (b) the need for self-development.

4. The average human being has an inherent dislike for work, he or she must be pushed into it, that's why the best motivator is strict discipline and punishments.

Ex. 4. Mark the following statements as true or false:

1. Managers motivate indirectly and directly their employees.

2. Managers who uphold Theory X believe that mental and physical work is as natural as play or rest.

3. Theory Y managers are often more democratic than those of Theory X.

4. System 4 stresses that employees should take an active part in managing the company.

5. System 4 management provides high outputs, better quality work, and lower costs.

Ex. 5. Read the text again and write a question to each of the following answers:

1.	Question:
	Answer:	Its main idea is that employees prefer to be directed by others and wish to avoid responsibility.
2.	Question:
	Answer:	In these situations they use threats of job loss, demotions and other punishments.
3.	Question:
	Answer:	As they feel the main task is to create work conditions that will bring more fulfilment to workers.
4.	Question:
	Answer:	This system includes two general factors, the need for survival and the need for self-development.
5.	Question:
	Answer:	Because this system emphasises the active participation of workers fort he management process.

Ex. 6. Complete the sentences according to the text:

1. Managers make conscious efforts to ___their employees to do their best work. 2. How managers try to motivate others is determined partly by their ___ toward people. 3. Some managers hold the view that the average human being must be ___ into work. 4. The other managers believe that employees ___ themselves to goals that satisfy their need for self-respect and personal fulfilment. 5. Theory Y managers ___ workers to participate more in planning and management.

Language work Ex. 7. Choose the synonyms from the box to the highlighted words:

employee, encourage, responsibility, goal, influence

1. The main objective of this policy is to reduce unemployment.

2. The profit-sharing plan is designed to motivate the staff to work hard.

3. Certainly, we are highly interested in hiring skilled workers.

4. I'm afraid it's a serious disease that could affect the central nervous system.

5. The head of a large company has many duties.

Ex. 8. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line:

1. We want more __________ in the decision-making.	PARTICIPATE
2. She is one of our regional ____________________.	MANAGE
3. The estimate is ______________ than we expected.	DIFFER
4. The caretaker is responsible for the ___ of the school buildings.	MAINTAIN
5. The development of a new promotional campaign is a ___ problem.	CHALLENGE