2.1.2. Вопросительные предложения в косвенной речи

При переводе вопросительного предложения прямой речи в косвенную необходимо произвести следующие изменения:

1. Порядок слов в вопросительном предложении становится прямым, т. е. подлежащее находится перед сказуемым, вспомогательный глагол опускается.

Direct Speech – She said, "Where does he work?"

Она сказала: "Где он работает?"

Indirect Speech – She asked where he worked.

Она спросила, где он работает.

2. Время глаголов, местоимения и наречия времени и места изменяются согласно правилам согласования времен и перевода прямой речи в косвенную. Вопросительный знак опускается.

Direct Speech – She said, "Where were you yesterday?"

Она сказала: "Где ты был вчера?"

Indirect Speech – She asked where I was the day before.

Она спросила, где я был днем ранее.

3. Если косвенный вопрос вводится глаголом say, то при отсутствии в главном предложении косвенного дополнения этот глагол изменяется на ask – спрашивать, inquire – интересоваться, want to know – хотеть знать и т.д.

Direct Speech – He said, "Where is the underground?"

Он сказал: "Где метро?"

Indirect Speech – He asked (inquired, wanted to know) where the underground was.

Он спросил (поинтересовался, хотел узнать), где находится метро.

НО:

Direct Speech – She said, "Mary, where is the booking-office?"

Она спросила: "Мария, где находится касса?"

Indirect Speech – She asked Mary where the booking-office was.

Она спросила Марию, где находится касса.

Или She inquired (wanted to know) where the booking-office was.

Она поинтересовалась (хотела узнать), где находится касса.

ЗАМЕТЬТЕ:

"Магу", как косвенное дополнение, опускается при употреблении inquire wonder, want to know и др.

Ex. 9. Write these sentences as reported questions, using the words given:

1. 'What's your name?' he asked (wanted to know).

He wanted to know what my name was.

2. 'How old are you?' she said (asked).

She asked how old I was.

3. 'When does the train leave?' I asked (asked).

4. 'How are you?' he said (asked).

5. 'Who did you see at the meeting?' my mother said (wanted to know).

6. 'Why did you take my wallet?' he asked (wanted to know).

7. 'How did you get to school?' she said (asked).

8. 'Where do you live?' the boy asked (wanted to know).

9. 'Why wasn't Judy at the party?' she asked (asked).

10. 'Why didn't you telephone?' my father asked (wanted to know).

11. 'Why are you so late?' the teacher asked (demanded to know).

12. 'Why didn't the police report the crime?' the judge asked (inquired).

13. 'Why won't you let me in?' he shouted (demanded to know).

14. 'What time does the plane arrive?' we asked (inquired).

Все косвенные вопросы делятся на общие и специальные.

1) ОБЩИЕ КОСВЕННЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ начинаются с глагола и присоединяются к главному предложению союзами if или whether, что соответствует в русском языке частице "ли."

Direct Speech – He said, "Will you go to the Institute tomorrow?"

Он сказал: "Ты пойдешь завтра в институт?"

Indirect Speech – He asked if I should go (whether I should go) to the Institute the next day.

Он спросил, пойду ли я на следующий день (завтра) в институт.

Direct Speech – She said, "Have you heard the latest news?"

Она сказала: "Вы слышали последние новости?"

Indirect Speech – She asked whether (if) I had heard the latest news.

Она спросила, слышал ли я последние новости.

Direct Speech – "Is anyone there?" he asked.

"Есть ли кто-нибудь там?" спросил он.

Indirect Speech – He asked if anyone was there.

Он спросил, есть ли там кто-нибудь.

Ex. 10. Write these questions in indirect speech:

1. 'Do you like Marion Brando?' she asked.

She asked if I liked Marion Brando.

2. 'Are you enjoying yourself?' he asked.

He asked whether I was enjoying myself.

3. 'Does your father work here?' she asked.

4. 'Do you live near your family?' he asked.

5. 'Are you a foreigner?' she asked.

6. 'Have you met Danny before?' he asked.

7. 'Are you hungry?' she asked.

8. 'Did you borrow my dictionary?' he asked.

9. 'Have you finished your exams?' she asked.

10. 'Did you invite Judy and Pat?' he asked.

11. 'Does your brother live in London?' she asked

12. 'Do you know who broke the window?' he asked.

13. 'Did they tell you when they were leaving?' she asked.

14. 'Did you lend them your camera?' he asked.

15. 'Have you hurt yourself?' she asked.

Ex. 11. Write these sentences in indirect speech, using wanted to know and the words given. Change you to I, etc. where necessary, as in the examples:

1. 'Which book did you take?' (he).

He wanted to know which book I had taken.

2. 'Are you wearing your overcoat?' (she).

She wanted to know if/whether I was wearing my overcoat.

3. 'Did you telephone your mother?' (he).

4. 'Is the box made of cardboard?' (she).

5. 'How much did it cost?' (he).

6. 'Are you seeing the director tomorrow?' (she)

7. 'What are you doing?' (he)

8. 'How far do I have to walk?' (she)

9. 'Have you had anything to eat?' (he)

10. 'Are you in a hurry?' (she)

11. 'When does the performance start?' (he)

12. 'How long does the journey take?' (she)

13. 'Where did you stay in Paris?' (he)

14. 'Have you had any letters?' (she)

ЗАМЕТЬТЕ:

Вопросы, начинающиеся с shall I ..., shall we ..., will you ..., would you ..., could you ... мoгут быть общими вопросами, а могут и выражать размышление, просьбу, команду, предложение или приглашение:

Direct Speech – She said, "Shall we send a telegram to your parents?" (предложение).

Она сказала: "Пошлём телеграмму твоим родителям?"

Indirect Speech – She asked (him)

1) if they should send a telegram to his parents

2) if they were to send a telegram to his parents.

Она спросила (его), нужно ли посылать телеграмму его родителям.

Direct Speech – He said, "Will you be there tomorrow?" (общий вопроc).