Контрольная работа № 3 Вариант 2

PRE-READING EXERCISES

Ex. 1. Before you read the text look at the following list of words and try to guess what the text is about:

treatment, disorder, psychotherapy, techniques, transactional analysis, group therapy, vary, accomplish, play therapy, psychiatric social workers, reality therapy, support, psychiatrist, problems, family therapists.

Ex. 2. Choose a suitable word from those above and complete the sentences:

1. _____ means helping patients analyse their relationships in family and social situations.

2. A from of psychotherapy in which patients hold responsibility for their own behaviour and are forced to accent its consequences is _____.

3. _____ is psychotherapy conducted with a group of patients.

4. Psychotherapists who usually has a medical degree and advanced training in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders are _____.

5. _____ are psychotherapists who have a degree and training in techniques of psychotherapy.

Reading psychotherapy

Psychotherapy is any treatment of mental or emotional disorders by psychological means. Most psychotherapy is based on discussions between a therapist and one or more patients. The doctor works to build the patient's confidence and to help the patient develop a more contented outlook toward life. Commonly, the doctor and the patient meet for a psychotherapy session once or twice a week for several months. But sessions may occur more frequently or less frequently. There are three principal types of psychotherapists: (1) psychiatrists, (2) psychologists, and (3) psychiatric social workers. Psychiatrists usually have a medical degree and advanced training in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. Psychiatrists are the only psychotherapists permitted to prescribe tranquillizers and other drugs as part of the treatment. Most psychologists have a degree in psychology and practical training in psychology. Most psychiatric social workers have a degree and training in techniques of psychotherapy. Psychiatric nurses also may play a role in psychotherapy.

Psychotherapy includes a wide range of techniques based on different ideas and theories about the causes of psychological disorders. Some psychotherapists use one form of therapy for all their patients. However, many therapists vary their techniques to suit the nature of the patient's problems.

Scientists disagree over how much psychotherapy can accomplish for troubled individuals, but most agree that it can be helpful. There is no evidence that one form of therapy is more effective than any other. Much depends on the experience, skill, and warmth of the therapist, and on the relationship he or she establishes with each patient.

Most techniques of psychotherapy may be classified according to three general approaches: (1) analytical, (2) behavioural, and (3) humanistic. There are also other forms of psychotherapy, which cannot be classified in any of the three main categories. A psychotherapist who uses any approach may also use a technique called group therapy.

Group therapy is psychotherapy conducted with a group of patients, usually six or more persons. Any approach to psychotherapy may be applied in a group setting. For example, there are psychoanalytical therapy groups, behaviour therapy groups, and Gestalt groups. Group therapy has several advantages. A therapist can serve more people in a group than in individual sessions, and they can share experiences and learn from one another. The group also provides social and emotional support to its members in times of stress. The doctor may encourage the patients to act out their problems in psychodramas.

In a special form of group therapy called family therapy, one or more therapists work with the members of a family as a group. The therapists also may hold meetings with individual family members. Family therapists believe that even if only one family member seems to have a problem, all the members are involved in some way.

Other forms of psychotherapy include (1) Gestalt therapy, (2) transactional analysis, and (3) reality therapy. Gestalt therapy, developed by the German psychiatrist Frederick S. Perls, is directed at bringing patients' thoughts and actions into harmony with their deepest feelings. In transactional analysis, the therapist helps patients analyse their relationships in family and social situations. In reality therapy, the patient is held responsible for his or her own behaviour and is forced to accent its consequences.

Play therapy. When working with a child, the psychiatrist may use play therapy. The child, instead of talking about his or her problems, acts them out with toys and games.