5. Fill in the gaps.
1).Electricity is a flow of an electric current now accepted as a slow
drift of so-called “free electrons” through a conductor. 2)When
free electrons from one atom ____ free electrons in a second atom, which in turn displace free electrons in another atom a continuous motion along a conductor takes place. 3) When an electromotive force or voltage is ____ across a conductor, a field of force inside the conductor is ____ and electrons flow.
1). A) is accepting, b) accepted, c)has accepted.
2). A) displace, b) is displaced, c) is displacing.
3). A) impresses, b)pressed, c) impressing.
6. Complete the sentences.
a)flows, b) return, c) supply, d)created, e)causes, f)decreases,
g)combined, h)applied, i) grounding, j)determines, k) pass.
This field gives direction to the random movement of the free electrons and 1)__ their coordinated slow drift from one atom to another. The electric circuit is a continuous path through which current 2)__ , if an electromotive force (a battery), conductors (wires), and resistances electric lamps of motors) are 3)__ (in a such a way as to have current flow an electric circuit has been made. One wire is for the current to flow to the electrical device from the power 40__ The other wire is to allow the current to 5)__ to the source of energy. Sometimes a circuit is made completely by 6)___it. When a circuit is broken so that a current is no longer able to_7)_, the circuit
іs said to be an open circuit. A difference of potential 8)__ the direction of electron flow. In 1827 George Simon Ohm discovered that the amount of current which flows in a circuit increases if the potential 9)__ is increased, and 10)__ if the resistance of the circuit Is increased.
Group the synonyms.
power, details, voltage, alter, elements, measure, continious, carry, job, tention, engagement, force, convert, work, check, transform, essential, occupation, basic, conduct, principal, parts, constant, energy, components, vary, change.
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS. PATENT
UNIT 16
Text 1
1. Read and translate the text, paying attention to the specific patent expressions. Describe the drawings.
Patent Specification
Improvements in or Relating to Pipe Joints or Pipe Couplings
The pipe joint or coupling forming the subject of the present invention, although applicable for use with pipes of any material, is particularly concerned with pipes or tubes of semi-flexible character and composed of comparatively hard thermoplastic synthetic resin composition, natural or synthetic rubber or similar material. The pipe joint or coupling is also suitable for use with metal pipes.
A pipe joint or coupling in accordance with the invention comprises a body bored to receive the extremity of the pipe and to form an internal shoulder or sitting against which the pipe can abut, a sleeve nut surrounding the pipe and in threaded engagement with the body, a longitudinally split pressure ring having an externally arranged tapered extremity for engagement by a correspondingly tapered surface on the interior of the nut so as to contract the pressure ring into gripping engagement with the pipe and an annular sealing ring in abutting engagement with the pressure ring and formed with a fine taper for engagement with a tapered surface in the interior of the body for the purpose of maintaining a good seal consequent upon tightening of the nut on the threaded part of the body. If composed of suitable material the sealing ring will be contracted into good sealing engagement with the pipe.
Referring to the drawings:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a pipe joint or coupling in accordance with the present invention; and
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same drawn to an enlarged scale.
The pipe joint or coupling illustrated includes a body 1 which may be externally screw threaded as at 2 for attachment to a container or the like, the body being formed with a cylindrical boring 3 and with a boring extension involving a tapering surface 4 and a shoulder 5. The pipe 6 enters boring 3 and seats on the part 5, the latter forming a square shoulder against which the peripheral edge of the pipe abuts.
The body is externally screw threaded at 7 to engage internal screw threads on a sleeve nut 8 having an inner tapering surface 9.
The tapered boring 4 receives an externally tapered sealing ring 10, the latter having a slightly finer taper than the boring, the ring fitting closely around the pipe. The opposite end of the sealing ring has a square face of a pressure ring 12, the latter being split longitudinally at one or more points 13 around the periphery whereby it will be contractable with a minimum of effort into good sealing engagement with the pipe.
The pressure ring is formed with a tapered surface 14 corresponding with the tapering surface 9 on the interior of the sleeve nut, whereby the pressure ring will be contracted radially into good sealing engagement with the pipe when the sleeve nut is tightened.
The pressure ring is preferably formed with two or more cylindrical faces 15 which make surface engagement with the pipe over a small surface area, whereby the pressure at the places of contact will be substantially increased.
It will be appreciated that by tightening the sleeve nut 8 pressure ring 12 will not only be contracted radially into good sealing engagement with the pipe but will also bear hard on the sealing ring 10, thus forcing it down the tapered boring into good sealing engagement with the tapered face 4, the sealing ring at the same time being compressed radially into intimate engagement with the walls of the pipe.
Fig.37.
The rings 10 and 12 are composed of suitable metals to suit the material
of which the pipe is composed, and it is within the scope of the invention
to employ other materials.
The taper of the sealing ring 10 is preferably in the region of 10°, it being
preferred that there shall be a difference of approximately 2 ½° between the
tapes of the two tapering surfaces.
Vocabulary
tapering конусоподібний
rubber гума
extremety край, кінець
abut упиратися
sleeve nut муфта, втулка, гільза
contract скорочувати, стискати
taper ring запорне кільце
tape стрічка
extend поширюватись
median line серединна лінія
rear corner задній (тильний) кут
film плівкa
lid кришка
branch pipe патрубок
bud підвіз
pipe-bend, elbow відвід
irrigating зрошувальний
step крок
favour сприяти
nozzle насадка
twisted закручений
butterfly valve дросельний клапан
throttling дроселювання
actuator привод
furnish забезпечувати
Test