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  1. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the text?

(A) A positive attitude is important if you want to be successful in work, friendships, and marriage.

(B) Adults in a new study worked much more cooperatively in a system based on rewards. Another study linked spanking to lower intelligence in children.

(C) The more children are spanked, the slower their mental development.

(D) Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups of children.

  1. Complete each sentence with one of the following words:

• most successful • More • best • least punishment • more cooperative

    1. Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the … way to influence behavior.

    2. One of recent studies showed that adults are much … if they work in a system based on rewards.

    3. Harvard researcher David Rand says the … behavior proved to be cooperation.

    4. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the … .

    5. … than seven hundred children were ages five to nine.

Speaking

  1. Discuss these questions with your partner:

  • Do you think physical punishment should never be used to influence a child’s behavior? Use specific reasons and examples in your answer.

  • What do you think are the best ways to influence people to get better results in business?

  • Which of the following factors do you think can influence the way a child acts and behaves: divorce, separation, re-marriage, birth of a new baby, moving house, starting/moving school, culture and religion, other factors. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

UNIT XII

THE FUTURE OF COLLEGE TEXTSBOOKS

Warm-up Activities

  1. Discuss the following with your partner:

What do you think are the main advantages of e-textbooks and course materials? Explain your answer choice.

  • e-textbooks are cheaper than print textbooks

  • e-textbooks are environmental alternative for college textbooks

  • e-textbooks are easily downloadable

  • other

Vocabulary

average - нормальный, обыкновенный, обычный, средний

estimate - оценивать; приблизительно подсчитывать, прикидывать

expect – ждать, ожидать, предполагать

reach – достигать

access - доступ

device - аппарат, прибор, устройство

share - разделять, совместно (коллективно) использовать

laptop - небольшой портативный компьютер

full-time - занимающий всё рабочее время, занимающий полный рабочий день

survey - опрос, анкетирование

habit - обычай, традиция, заведенный порядок

cost - цена; стоимость

rental - арендная плата, сумма арендной платы

disappoint - разочаровывать, не оправдывать (ожиданий)

  1. Match the words with the definitions:

  1. available

  2. popular

  3. percent

  4. idea

  5. technology

  6. majority

  7. half

  8. paper

  9. new

  10. college

  1. a part of every hundred

  2. present and ready for use

  3. a small university

  4. liked by many people; generally approved by the public

  5. one of two equal parts of something

  6. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, bought or grown; another; different

  7. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing

  8. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and services

  9. the greater number; more than half

  10. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief

listening