- •1. Words to be remembered (Texts: a, b).
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read text a carefully. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •5. Answer the questions to text a.
- •6. Read text b carefully. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •7. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •8. Answer the questions to text b.
- •9. A) Read and translate the following adjectives describing cars;
- •11. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •12. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •14. Translate the following combinations of noun groups and colloquial expressions. Compose your own sentences or copy out suitable ones from the texts above using the words.
- •15. A) Study the text “Engineering in a Social Context”. Choose the key words or sentences concerning engineering.
- •16. Read Henry Ford’s biography. Put questions to the given answers.
- •17. Read the brief information about the famous automakers. Put the historical names and data into the right order. Try to make exhaustive reports on each of the personalities and their inventions.
- •18. Match the parts of the sentences.
- •19. Grammar Revision. Tenses (Active/Passive Voice). Use the forms of the verbs to recollect the main ideas of unit I.
- •20. Test yourself I. Take the quiz.
- •21. Motor Fun.
- •22. Translate the text from Russian into English. Try to retell the text.
- •23. Every picture tells a story. Write a short essay.
- •24.Try it. How Words Work…
- •25. Look through texts a and b again and make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk on the topics:
- •1. Words to be remembered (Texts: a, b).
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read text a carefully. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •7. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •8. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •9. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •10. Read text b carefully. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •11. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •12. Answer the following questions to the text.
- •14. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •15. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •16. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •17. Read and translate the following words from the text paying attention to the word-forming suffixes and prefixes. Arrange them into the groups of: n (nouns), Adj. (adjectives), Adv. (adverbs).
- •18. Skim the text “Why Should I buy Car Accessories?” Copy out the key words or sentences connected with car accessories. Using them try to convince people to buy car accessories.
- •20. Test yourself II. Define the cars matching the images with the letters and numbers. Give your arguments.
- •21. Grammar Revision. Modal Verbs. Translate the sentences.
- •22. Try it. How Words Work…
- •23. Translate into English.
- •24. Look through texts a and b again and make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk on the topics:
- •1. Words to be remembered (Texts: a, b).
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read text a carefully. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •7. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •8. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •9. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •10. Read text b carefully. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •11. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •12. Answer the following questions to the text.
- •13. Match the words with their definitions.
- •14. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •15. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •16. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •17. Read and translate the following noun groups.
- •18. Grammar Revision. Infinitive and -ing form. Transform the suggested forms into the infinitives. Make up some sentences.
- •19. Keep smiling.
- •20. Skim the text “Fuel Types” and find the best answer to the question: “Why is selecting fuel important?” You can take prompts in the statements below.
- •21. Test Yourself III. Supply the best words in parts a and b.
- •22. Try it. How Words Work…
- •23. Translate into English. Entitle the texts.
- •24. Every picture tells a story. Write a short essay.
- •25. Read the texts again and make notes under the following headings, use your notes to talk on the topics:
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read text a carefully paying attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •6. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •7. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •8. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •9. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •10. Read and translate the following words from the text paying attention to the word-forming suffixes. Arrange them into the following groups of: n (noun)s, Adj (adjectives), Adv (adverbs).
- •11. Read text b carefully paying attention to the words in bold type.
- •12. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •14. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •15. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •16. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •17. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •18. Read and translate the following words from the text paying attention to the word-forming suffixes and prefixes. Arrange them into the groups of: n (nouns), Adj (adjectives), Adv (adverbs).
- •19. Motor Fun.
- •20. Match the parts of the sentences. Consult text b.
- •21. Grammar Revision. Passive Reporting Verbs or Infinitive Constructions. These sentences are all in rather formal English. How would you say the same things in conversational English?
- •22. Try it. How Words Work…
- •23. Study the diagram of a cooling system and explain to your group-mate: how the plumbing is connected.
- •24. Translate the text from Russian into English. Some prompts are given to you. Try to retell the text to your teacher, friend.
- •25. 1) Look at the picture and read the nearby text.
- •2) Look at the following sentences where “cause-and-effect” relationship is used and translate them. Think of some more illustrations of the relationship.
- •Is caused by
- •3) Now answer the questions
- •26. Look through texts a and b again and make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk on the topics:
- •1. Words to be remembered (Texts: a, b).
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read text a carefully. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Complete the grid. Look at these six clues and fill in the answers in the spaces provided below. You will find that you make a term-word in the vertical box. (You may hope for the key).
- •7. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •8. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •9. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •10. Scan text b paying attention to the words in bold type.
- •11. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •12. Answer the following questions.
- •13. Complete the grid. Look at these four clues and fill in the answers in the spaces provided below. You will find that you make a term-word in the vertical box. (You may hope for the key.)
- •14. Match the verbs with the synonyms.
- •15. Match the verbs with the antonyms.
- •16. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •17. Read the text “My Favourite Car.” Copy out adjectives from the text. Use the adjectives to describe the favourite car of your own.
- •22. Solve the crossword puzzle. (You can find the key in Unit VII).
- •23. Translate the text from Russian into English.
- •25. Read the texts again and make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk on the topics:
- •1. Words to be remembered (Texts: a, b).
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read text a carefully paying attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Complete the grid. Look at these five clues and fill in the answers in the spaces provided below. You will find that you make a term-word in the vertical box. (You may hope for the key.)
- •7. Match the verbs with the synonyms.
- •8. Match the verbs with the antonyms.
- •9. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •10. Read text b carefully. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •11. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
- •12. Answer the following questions.
- •13. Complete the grid. Look at these four clues and fill in the answers in the spaces provided below. You will find that you make a term-word in the vertical box. (You may hope for the key.)
- •14. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •15. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •16. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •18. Motor Fun.
- •21. Study the texts and do different exercises.
- •I. Aluminium. (Read the text and make logical paragraphing of it.)
- •III. Copper. (Read and translate the text in a written form.)
- •IV. Chromium. (Read and retell the text in English.)
- •V. Iron and Steel Industry. (Read and retell the text in Russian.)
- •VI. Lead. (Read the text and make its summary in English.)
- •VII. Nickel. (Read the text and say about nickel applications.)
- •VIII. Plastics. (Read the text and make its grammar analysis.)
- •IX. Zinc. (Write a Summary to the text.)
- •X. The Steel Alloys. (Retell the text.)
- •22. Try it. How Words Work… Find in the following texts some more suitable association words for the other materials used in car production. Use the words to speak on it.
- •27. Read the texts again and make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk on the topics:
- •Reading, Vocabulary & Creative Practice
- •1. Words to be remembered (Texts: a, b).
- •2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.
- •3. Read text a carefully. Pay attention to the words in bold type.
- •4. Decide whether the following statements are true, false or vague according to text a.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Complete the grid. Look at these five clues and fill in the answers in the spaces provided below. You will find that you make a term-word in the vertical box. (You may hope for the key.)
- •7. Match the verbs with the synonyms.
- •8. Match the verbs with the antonyms.
- •9. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •10. Read text b carefully paying attention to the words in bold type.
- •11. Decide whether the following statements are true, false or vague.
- •12. Answer the following questions.
- •13. Complete the grid. Look at these six clues and fill in the answers in the spaces provided below. You will find that you make a term-word in the vertical box. (You may hope for the key)
- •14. Match the words with the synonyms.
- •15. Match the words with the antonyms.
- •16. Fill in the correct prepositions.
- •17. Study the table of words. Choose some of them to say something to your English teacher, repair mechanic, your group-mate.
- •18. Grammar Revision: Gerund. Define and translate the sentences with various types of gerund.
- •19. Keep smiling.
- •21. Translate the text “Tuning” from English into Russian.
- •23. Every picture tells a story. Compare. Write a short essay.
- •24. Make up sentences on the words presented in the crossword.
- •25. Read the texts again and make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk on the topics:
- •Summarizing Аннотирование и реферирование текста
- •Сравните две схемы:
- •Список выражений, рекомендуемых для написания реферата
- •Vocabulary
17. Read and translate the following noun groups.
carburettor engine, diesel engine, power train, power plant, combustion process, fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel line, air-cleaner, fuel passage, fuel injection, combustion chamber, compress performance, engine type, lead replacement petrol, fuel economy, sulphur content, high performance vehicle, petrol model, retail price, fuel product, fuel characteristic.
Additional Activities
18. Grammar Revision. Infinitive and -ing form. Transform the suggested forms into the infinitives. Make up some sentences.
Model: The mirrors are designed to facilitate installation.
for facilitating installation; for adding safety to any vehicle; for enhancing the visibility of the driver; for making safer lane changes; for helping the driver and the pedestrians; for reducing accidents successfully; for attracting more attention; for increasing the visibility of the vehicle’s turn signal; for seeing the vehicles hidden from the view
19. Keep smiling.
A . Look After My Car.
“Can you drive?”
“No, I’m sorry, I can’t.”
“That’s good! Will you look after my car for an hour?
B. I’ve Run Over Your Cat!
One day a man ran over Mrs. Brown’s cat in the street. He went to Mrs. Brown and said: “I'm terribly sorry. I’ve run over your cat and I’d like to replace it.”
“It’s all right with me,” said Mrs. Brown. “But can you catch mice?”
C. Misunderstanding
“What sort of car has your family got?”
“I can’t remember its name. I think it starts with “T.”
“Really? Ours starts with petrol.”
20. Skim the text “Fuel Types” and find the best answer to the question: “Why is selecting fuel important?” You can take prompts in the statements below.
There are different types of fuel. Research Octane Number (RON) is a measure of fuel’s compression performance and the RON rating given translates into amount of engine power. RON requirements vary according to engine type.
Unleaded Petrol is the most common fuel type for passenger vehicles. ULP has a RON of between 91 and 93.
Lead Replacement Petrol was introduced as an environmental alternative for cars that used leaded petrol. LRP has a research Octane Number of 96. LRP has been slowly phased out and its availability is limited. LRP was refined to contain no lead along with lower concentrations of benzene and sulphur.
98 RON is a high-octane unleaded fuel that maximizes engine power and performance, as well as producing less pollution. 98 RON is promoted as providing excellent fuel economy, has a sulphur content which is 10 times lower than the national standard for unleaded fuels, and has low levels of benzene, sulphur and lower aromatics. 98 RON is used by some imported and high performance vehicles.
Diesel engines are usually very efficient engines, offering better fuel economy in comparison to equivalent petrol models. Diesel engines emit very low levels of exhaust hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide when correctly tuned and maintained. At the same time, the main concern diesel engines raise is the smoke they emit, which can be a health hazard. Ultra low sulphur diesel is already available.
A new diesel comprising 30 percent biofuel is now being tested and produced in Belarus. It is Grodno filling stations that offer latest bio-fuel to drivers. The new diesel is less toxic and smoky and provides better lubrication than ordinary diesel fuel.
Alternative fuels began appearing some time ago, with scientists all over the world working hard to find substitutes for refined oil products. In Italy, they mash grape-stones to create oil, but rape-seed is the most suitable product for Belarus nowadays.
LPG (most commonly a blend of propane and butane) is an environmentally cleaner fuel compared to petrol and diesel. LPG retail prices tend to be lower than other fuel products.
1. A knocking can occur in an engine when there is a mismatch between the fuel characteristics and the engine’s design, particularly its compression ratio, resulting in preignition.
2. Selecting fuel with the correct RON for your engine will prevent the knocking fuel effect caused when the fuel combusts in the compression chamber too early. RON 110 is becoming popular now.