1. Read the article again. Write t (true), f (false) or (don’t know) in the boxes next to these statements.

The most part of our body is protein by weight, the rest is water and minerals.
Disaccharides such as lactose, sucrose and maltose are readily transformed to their monosaccharide bases and are called complex carbohydrates.
Plants store energy in the form of starches, but most cereals are deficient in starch.
Insulin makes it easier to transport glucose into cells so that they can oxidize it to produce energy for the body.
Protein is any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms.
Most animal sources of protein provide us with complex protein.
There is often lack of certain essential amino acids in vegetable sources of protein.

2. Read the article carefully and answer these questions according to the information in the text.

1. What do we need food for? Why do we need carbohydrates contained in food?

2. What does the word “carbohydrate” come from? What kinds of carbohydrates are there? (Enumerate them). What is the difference between them?

3. What is insulin? What are its functions?

4. What is a protein look like? Why do we need proteins contained in food?

5. What types of amino acids are there? (Enumerate them). What are the ways to get them?

6. What are the sources proteins come in our diets? What are the ways to supply your diet with all of the essential amino acids?

Language Development

! There is an adverb meaning ‘in that place’. When you want to say that something exists, begin the sentence with there + be+ noun phrase. There is also used as an introductory subject in sentences beginning there is/are, there seems to be, there might be etc. There can be used with all tenses of be and in tags. In the there + be pattern, there is an ‘empty’ grammatical word (not an adverb of place).

ǃ We don’t usually translate this pattern, e.g. There are many vitamins in this fruit. — В этом фрукте много витаминов. Sometimes it is translated as на этом месте, здесь, тут, там, есть, имеется, существует. e.g. There is/exists a number of amino acids. — Здесь присутствует (имеется) ряд аминокислот.

1. Find the sentences beginning with there + be in the article and translate them into Russian.

ǃ To talk about repeated actions or habits, permanent situations, general truths, give instructions, fixed future events, make suggestions and commentaries, observations and declarations, we use the Present Simple Tense (subject + verb). When the subject is 3^rd person singular, we use the –s form of the verb.

The Present Simple is also used with certain verbs not normally used in the progressive forms and refer to states rather than actions.

These are the groups of verbs:

• verbs of the mind and thinking: believe, think, consider, understand, suppose, expect, agree, know, remember; forget, doubt, mean, mind.

• verbs of emotion and feeling: like, dislike, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, care.

• verbs of the senses: see, smell, taste, hear.

• verbs of possession: have, possess, belong to, own.

• certain other verbs: concern, depend on, include, need, owe, seem and others.

Some of these verbs can be used in the continuous tenses when the verb expresses an activity, not a state. However the meaning changes slightly.

Compare:

I think it's a great idea. (think as opinion, i.e. a state).

He's thinking of emigrating. (think as mental process, i.e.an activity).

2. Look at this sentence from the article and underline the Present Simple Tense: The word “carbohydrate” comes from the fact that glucose is made up of carbon and water. Find and underline other examples in the text. Explain the usage.

ǃ To emphasize the action in a sentence, rather than the person who carries/carried out the action we use the Passive. To say who does the action of a passive verb, add by + noun phrase (agent) after the verb phrase. The passive form of the verb contains this pattern: subject +be + Past Participle + object.

Simple .; Modal pattern ;

Note: The passive is rare in ‘speech’, but common in academic ‘writing’.

3. Look at the sentence from the article: The word “carbohydrate” comes from the fact that glucose is made up of carbon and water. Find and underline other examples in the text (mind modal pattern).