1. Read the article carefully and answer these questions according to the information in the text.

1. What does Hippocrates say about euthanasia in the Hippocratic Oath?

2. Is physician-aid-in-dying a violation of the Hippocratic Oath?

3. Where does the support for euthanasia come from?

4. What did Brown University historian Jacob M. Appel document in 1906?

5. Why were euthanasia societies formed in England?

6. According to the person’s consent how can euthanasia be classified?

7. What do a number of authors think of the further division of involuntary euthanasia?

8. How would you answer the questions of the last paragraph?

Language Development

1. Review Past Tenses. Open the brackets using the correct past tense active or passive.

On March 26, 1999, Kevorkian (1. to charge) with first-degree murder and the delivery of a controlled substance. Kevorkian's license to practice medicine (2. to revoke) eight years previously; he was not legally allowed to possess the controlled substance. As homicide law is relatively fixed and routine, this trial was markedly different from earlier ones that involved an area of law in flux (assisted suicide). Kevorkian (3. to discharge) his attorneys and (4. to proceed) through the trial representing himself. The judge (5. to order) a criminal defense attorney to remain available at trial as standby counsel for information and advice. Inexperienced in law and persisting in his efforts to represent himself, Kevorkian encountered great difficulty in presenting his evidence and arguments. In particular, he was not able to call any witnesses to the stand because the judge did not deem the testimony of any of his witnesses relevant.

The Michigan jury (6. to find) Kevorkian guilty of second-degree homicide. It (7. to prove) that he (8. to kill) a person because Youk was not physically able to kill himself. Youk, unable to assist in his suicide, agreed to let Kevorkian kill him using controlled substances. The judge (9. to sentence) Kevorkian to serve 10–25 years in prison.

In the course of the various proceedings, Kevorkian made statements under oath and to the press that he (10. to consider) it his duty to assist persons in their death. He (11. to indicate) under oath that because he thought laws to the contrary were archaic and unjust, he (12. to persist) in civil disobedience, even under threat of criminal punishment. Future intent to commit crimes is an element parole boards may consider in deciding whether to grant a convicted person relief. After his conviction (and subsequent losses on appeal), Kevorkian (13. to deny) parole repeatedly.

In an MSNBC interview aired on September 29, 2005, Kevorkian said that if he (14. to grant) parole, he (15. to not resume) directly helping people die and (16. to restrict) himself to campaigning to have the law changed. On December 22, 2005, Kevorkian was denied parole by a board on the count of 7-2 recommending not to give parole.

2. Find and learn Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions

1) be tolerant of suicide	a)
2) intermittent debates and activism	b)
3) the availability of anesthesia	c)
4) be the driving force behind	d)
5) the driving force behind be	e)
6) to give informed consent	f)
7) “mercy killings”	g)
8) severely disabled children	h)
9) agonizing moral dilemmas	i)
10) issues of life and death	j)