Nax. 25.3. LiTonis kontrforsebis mowyobis sqema:

1 _ GadaRobva SpuntebiT (narimandebiT); 2 _ koWi; 3 _ kontrforsebi;

4 _ MonoliTuri rkinabetonis kedeli; 5 _ grunti.

miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas arsebuli Senobis kedlis gaswvriv toveben gruntis nawils. amiT uzrunvelyofili iqneba bunebrivi kontrforsi maragiT 15-20%, romelic uzrunvelyofs kedlisa da mTlianad Senobis mdgradobas. Semdeg ayeneben liTonis kontrforsebs (nax. 25.3); amoiReben mTxreblSi darCenil gruntis nawils da Senobidan datvirTvas mTlianad miiRebs liTonis kontrforsebi. amoRebuli gruntis adgilas amohyavT mSenebare Senobis miwisqveSa nawili: saZirkvlebi an saZirkvlis fila, svetebi, gadaxurvis filebi, Siga da gare kedlebi.

mSenebare nagebobis konstruqciebs ageben Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:

• amohyavT saZirkveli mTlianad;

• amohyavT gare kedlebi liTonis kontrforsis koWebis dayrdnobis donemde;

• amohyavT Siga kedlebi da svetebi;

• amontaJeben gadaxurvebs ise, rom SemdgomSi xeli ar SeuSalon kontrforsis koWebis demontaJs. miwisqveSa nawilis karkasi ise unda iyos gaangariSebuli, rom gauZlos Senobis sakuTar datvirTvas da arsebuli Senobebis zemoqmedebas. Senobis miwisqveSa nawilis mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg axorcieleben kontrforsebis demontaJs da gaaqvT samSeneblo moednidan.

25.2. Ekologiuri garemos dacva

arsebuli gaSenebis dacva. Senobebisa da nagebobebis agebisas qalaqis mWidrod ganaSenianebis pirobebSi mSeneblebisaTvis Cndeba erT-erTi ZiriTadi saproblemo sakiTxi, romelic exeba garemos ekologiur dacvas.

mSenebare obieqtis zemoqmedeba mezoblad (axlo) mdebare Senobebze da infrastruqturaze gamoixateba SemdegSi:

• xmauris efeqti, romelic axlavs nebismier samSeneblo process;

• momuSave manqanebisa da meqanizmebis dinamikuri zemoqmedeba;

• atmosferoSi wvrili da saSualo fraqciis mtvris nawilakebis didi raodenobiT amoyra;

• qalaqis arsebul qselebSi an pirdapir gruntSi dabinZurebuli wylebis arineba;

• moZraobis satransporto sqemebis darRveva, zogjer saerTod moZraobis akrZalva quCebSi.

samSeneblo moedanze xmauris Semcirebis mizniT mSeneblobis mwarmoeblebs saxelmwifo eqspertizis gavlis stadiaSi, e.i. ZiriTadi teqnikuri da teqnologiuri gadawyvetebis SeTanxmebis procesSi, eZlevaT Semdegi miTiTebebi: mSeneblobis procesSi gamoyenebul iqnes xmaurdamwevi meTodikebi da naklebxmauriani mowyobilobebi. magaliTad, ximinjebis da Spuntebis mowyobis procesSi gamoyenebul iqnes burRCasaxraxni teqnologiebi; asawevi da betonmimwodebeli meqanizmebis SerCevisas upiratesoba mieces naklebxmaurian mowyobilobebs da meqanizmebs; xmauriani pnevmaturi sangrevi CaquCebi Seicvalos eleqtromeqanikuriT: samuSaoTa warmoebisas samuSaoTa warmoebis proeqtSi unda iyos gansazRvruli dro da periodi, rodesac dasaSvebia xmauriani procesebis (samontaJo, SeduRebis, betonis da sxv.) Sesruleba.

aseve unda ganxorcieldes Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen momuSave manqanebisa da meqanizmebis dinamikuri zemoqmedebis Semcirebas, dinamikuri datvirTvebis Semcirebas gruntebze da fuZeze. amisaTvis, mZime teqnikis samuSao zonebSi, amontaJeben dempfirul (rxevebCamxSobi) sainJinro nagebobebs, romlebic sagrZnoblad amcireben dinamikuri rxevebis zemoqmedebas fuZeze, gruntze da Sesabamisad arsebul gaSenebaze.

atmosferoSi wvrili da saSualo fraqciis mtvris nawilakebis amogdeba miekuTvneba Znelad kontrolirebad parametrs. wvrili nawilakebis maqsimaluri raodenobis amogdeba atmosferoSi xorcieldeba mosapirkeTebeli samuSaoebis warmoebisas (an ngrevis procesSi), rodesac mimdinareobs SefiTxnis da samRebro samuSaoebi. amitom mizanSewonilia momaragebis procesSi obieqtze Semovides winaswarSeRebili nakeTobebi da mowyobilobebi, riTac Semcirebuli iqneba mavne nivTierebis gavrceleba atmosferoSi. amis garda, samSeneblo moedani unda iyos izolirebuli garemosagan sxvadasxva saxis badeebiT.

mSeneblobis dawyebisTanave samSeneblo moedanze grovdeba didi raodenobis samSeneblo da sayofacxovrebo nagavi, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios axlomdebare teritoriebis dabinZureba. amitom unda iyos SemuSavebuli nagvis Segrovebisa da samSeneblo moednidan misi gatanis mkacri sistema, rac unda iyos SeTanxmebuli adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis organoebTan. gatana unda ganxorcieldes qalaqis konkretul nagavsayrelebze.

seriozul problemas warmoadgens samSeneblo moednidan sxvadasxva saxis wylebisa da fekaliebisaTvis kanalizaciis arinebis sakiTxi, amitom garemos dabinZurebis acilebis mizniT, mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis stadiaze, unda iyos uzrunvelyofili am sakiTxis swori gadawyveta:

• mSeneblobis periodisa da agebuli Senobis normaluri eqspluataciisaTvis, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi da teqnikur pirobebTan SeTanxmebiT gadakeTdes arsebuli qalaqis qseli;

• manqanis Tvlebis recxvisaTvis samrecxao zonebi mibmul iqnes saniaRvre kanalizaciis qselebTan;

• samSeneblo moedanze ganisazRvros zonebi, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba wyliTa da kanalizaciiT (sayofacxovrebo da sawarmoo saWiroebisaTvis) sargebloba. samuSaoTa warmoebis procesSi unda iyos akrZaluli wylis gadaSveba garkveuli zonebis gareT.

qalaqis pirobebSi saproblemoa transportis moZraobis sakiTxi qalaqis magistralebze. am sakiTxis gadawyvetisaTvis unda damuSavdes transportis muSaobis sqemebi da grafikebi qalaqis organoebTan SeTanxmebiT. samSeneblo ubnis irgvliv unda dayendes sagzao niSnebi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SuqniSnebic.

mSenebare Senobis dacva. Senobis ekologiur garemoze zemoqmedeba SeiZleba iqonios Semdegma problemebma:

• xmauris zemoqmedeba gaSenebasTan axlos mdebare satransporto magistralebidan, stadionebidan, kafe-restornebidan, samrewvelo obieqtebidan;

• dinamikuri zemoqmedeba satransporto saSualebebidan (ZiriTadad metro) da samrewvelo warmoebebidan;

• gazebis gamoyofa teqnogenuri narCenebis lpobis Sedegad;

• zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis arseboba.

xmauris zemoqmedebis Semcireba SesaZlebelia rigi teqnikuri da teqnologiuri gadawyvetilebebis realizaciiT:

• satransporto magistralebis gaswvriv xmaur-STanTqmis ekranebis dayeneba. ekranebi SeiZleba damzaddes liTonis, plastmasis, xis da sxva masalebisagan. didi efeqtiT sargeblobs firma VELOX-is mier damuSavebuli xmaurdamcavi sistemebi. kerZod, mis mier warmoebuli sistema 4002 S, 4003 S Sedgeba xmaurmSTanTqmeli da xmaursaizolacio panelebisagan (nax. 25.4; 25.5).