Glossary

English	Kazakh	Russian
stark [sta:k] '	шөл дала	пустыня
emissions [i'miʃən]	сәуле шығару	излучение, выделение
prolonged [prə'lɔŋd]	ұзақ; ұзын	длительный, затянувшийся
dire ['daiə]	қорқынышты	ужасный
to expose [tə ik'spəuz]	әшкерелеу	разоблачать, подвергать действию
concede[kən'si:d]	тану	признать, уступить
to reduce [tə ri'dju:s]	азайту	уменьшать
fuel ['fjuəl]	отын	топливо
damage ['dæmidʒ]	зиян	ущерб
plant [pla:nt]	өсімдік	растение

Office hours №11

Write an essay on the topic ‘Global warming’.

LIW № 31

№3

Prepare a presentation on the given topic ‘Weather and climate’.

References

Main literature:

1. Felicity O’Dell, Annie Broadhead. Objective Student’s book. Cambridge University Press, 2011;

2. Martin Hewings. Advanced Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press, 2012;

Additional literature:

3. New English File. Advanced. Clive Oxenden, Christina Latham Koenig, Cambridge University Press, 2012.

4. http://www.englishforjapanese.com/exercises/verb%20forms/02%20present%20have-be.html

Hand out № 22 (142)

Discipline: English as a foreign language Credits - 2

Advanced level Practical lesson

Lexical theme: Natural wonders

Grammar: like, alike, as, so and such

Teacher: associate professor Nagiyatova Lazzat Bermahanovna

How do you understand these phrases and proverbs?

East or West home is best. Don't listen to what they say. Go see. Who lives sees much. Who travels sees more. One time seen is better than one hundred times heard about.

GRAMMAR COMMENT: like, alike, as, so and such

We use subject + verb + like + noun to talk about similarity. It can be used for emphasis, and is often used in idioms. e.g. Dennis drinks like a fish. (Idiom)

We can use alike as an adjective meaning similar or identical.

The twins are very alike in character as well as appearance.

We use subject + verb + as if / as thought + clause to give a description, or offer a possible explanation of something. It can also be used for emphasis. (In Informal spoken English, we can use like instead of as if / as thought.)

He always talks to you as if / as though he were addressing a whole lecture theatre. (Description / emphasis)

Her essay looked as if / as though it had been written in a hurry. (Description / possible explanation)

We use as + adjective + as to make comparisons, but this structure can be used for emphasis, and is often used in common idioms.

Our house is as old as theirs. (Comparison); the room was as cold as ice. (Idiom)

We can use as in different types of adverbial clauses, e.g. time, place, manner, but like is only used in clauses of manner. In clauses of manner, as in more formal.

As (she is) the head of the department, Ann has her own assistant. (Reason)

I always organize the meaning as / like Ann does. (Manner)

So and such

We use so and such for emphasis. So is followed by an adjective or adjectival phrase (e.g. adverb + adjective + noun). The book was so good

The structures above can be followed by that to show the result. e.g. The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down.

C hange each sentence to use the word in brackets at the end. Your new sentence should mean approximately the same as the original.

1. Oxford and Cambridge in some ways are like each other. (alike)

2. The scenery we saw in the Himalayas was so amazing. (such)

3. It was such a long way to the campsite. (so)

4. Our holiday cottage and the one allocated to our friends looked alike. (like)

5. She looks like someone who has just returned from a tropical holiday. (as)

L ook at these sentences. What is the grammatical difference between like and alike?

The Scottish Highlands are very like the Southern Alps in New Zealand.

The Scottish Highland and the Alps are very alike.

Exercise 1. [T. 22]

Listen to the recording ‘Natural wonderst’ and give T (true) and F (false) answers.

		true	false
1	It takes 49 minutes to fly to Green Island from Cairns
2	Great Adventures is the name of a restaurant
3	The pontoon is a kind of underwater capsule.
4	Cairns is home for 100 000 people

Exercise 2. Listen and say your opinion about this place. Retell the main idea of the listened text.

E xercise 3. Work with a partner and answer the questions below.

D o the pictures below remind you of the places where you live or anywhere that you have visited?

Exercise 3. Tell about the best and cheapest way of travelling.

Use the following words and word expressions.

internationally recognized outdoor restaurant complete range of spectacular the ultimate adventure perfect for luxurious facilities sumptuous lunch guided tours luxury diverse marine life once-in-a-lifetime experience

Magnificent, location, to spend a holiday, service, snack, availiable, coast, shore, seafood, view, landscape, climate, sand, world-famous, sightseeing, cultural behavior

E xercise 4.

You are going to read an extract from a book called ‘Running a hotel on the roof of the world’. What kind of place do you think the text is going to be about?

Dorje had an interesting driving technique which involved keeping the car off the ground for as much time as possible. “Terrible” Tashi called out whenever we were airborne, grinning from ear to ear and bracing himself for the inevitable impact whenever the Land cruiser would hit the tarmac again. It was hardly surprising that our car had practically no suspension

Dorje had an advantage which would have made his taxi comrades in the city I had just flown from green with envy: visibility. In the pure rare field air of Tibet the view is not hindered by smog or pollution. Mountains which are tens of miles which are tens of miles away appear crisp against the horizon. Apart from a few army trucks, the roads are free of traffic and the only limiting factor on Dorje’s driving was how hard could he keep his foot pressed down on the accelerator pedal weighed up against the likelihood that at any moment of the rattles could lead to the total disintegration of the vehicle.

Just visible through the vibrating windows were rectangular coracles setting out across the river. Tashi saw me trying to look at them. “Yakskin boats” he shouted over the roar of the Land cruiser engine. It seems that every part of the yak has a use. To make water-tight boats, the skins are stretched over a wooden frame, sewn together with wool made from yak hair and the joins are then scaled with yak butter.

E xercise 5.

Read the 1st part of the text about two men, Dorje and Tashi, then complete the notes below.

Complete the notes:

Travelled by …

Driver’s aim …

How tashi felt about the journey?

Difficult aspects of the journey …

Good aspects of the journey …

Scenery: What could be seen on the river?

Boats made of …

Exercise 6. Imagine you are spending a holiday in the Hotel ‘Botanico’. The Hotel is just as good as advertised. Write a postcard to a friend describing it.

The exuberance of the Canary islands appears in all its splendor at the Hotel Botanico. Here amidst an atmosphere of quiet elegance, every creature comfort is catered for by its 24-hour room service. The lavishly-appointed Ambassador rooms and magnificent top-floor penthouse suites combine private luxury with spectacular views and, for those in search of the ultimate in luxurious living the Royal Suite exudes regal opulence with its antiques, original paintings and unique private terrace.

Check yourself

1. The book was ________ long that I couldn’t finish it.

a) as

b) so

c) like

d) such

2. The four sides of the pyramid are __________ almost exactly on true north, south, east, and west.

a) joined

b) adjusted

c) aligned

d) row

3. Going to Kate’s house we got again, ____________ we did last time.

a) like

b) as

c) so

d) such

4. Many believe that pyramids have supernatural __________, and this one is no exception.

a) chamber

b) observation

c) powers

d) examinations