Comprehensive check

Task 1. Choose the right endings to the sentences according to the text.

1. Now scientists need a range of new skills, and they need … .

1. to know how to discuss the latest discoveries and inventions in the circle of like-minded.

2. to learn them quickly in order to be successful.

2. Scientific research is about … .

1. discovering new things and applying them to improvements in life style for people and animals.

2. disseminating and explaining what scientists do and discover the implications and applications of potential benefits of their inventions.

3. Many universities now offer “pre-PhD courses”, either as … .

1. an optional PhD course

2. an obligatory foundation year of PhD study.

4. Scientific research is about discovering the truth, so dishonesty … .

1. cannot be avoided.

2. should have no place.

5. Doing is the essential part in … .

1. setting up, modifying and validating techniques, conducting experiments, collecting and analyzing data, preparing talks.

2. reading the literature, assessing current information, establishing hypotheses, designing experiments.

6. Each scientist has a responsibility … .

1. to every individual and to the human tissue or subject that they use in their experiments.

2. to the scientific community only.

7. The public is becoming more aware, more knowledgeable and often more concerned about … .

1. non-scientific research.

2. the impact of science and technology on their lives.

Task 2. Match the words to their definitions (Part 1). Complete the sentences with these words. Some words should be used more than once (Part 2).

Part 1.

impact improvement termination issue hypothesis regulation supervisor concern

a subject that people discuss or argue about, especially relating to society, politics or a problem that needs to be considered; a rule, law, contract that states what you must do; a feeling of worry about something, especially one that a lot of people have about an important issue or something that worries you; a period of work that is divided into two separate parts with a long break between them; an idea that attempts to explain something but has not yet been tested or proved to be correct; someone who is in charge of an activity, a place, or a group of people such as workers or students; an effect or an influence; the end of an agreement, job, or situation; the state of being better than before, or the process of making something better than it was before; a law or rule that stops people from doing something.

Part 2.

1. Taking the time to find a … who will complement your research and learning style will help to ensure the success of this relationship.

2. Her paper discusses the likely … of global warming on climate change.

3. There were … about the way the department was organized.

4. Internet shopping has begun to have a serious … on traditional bookshops.

5. There is growing … about the safety of mobile phones.

6. It’s a website devoted to environmental … .

7. There has been an … in relations between the two countries.

8. Darwin offered a working … for the mechanism of evolution.

9. The board may order the … of all research activities.

10. Eighteen percent of people said unemployment was their main … .

Task 3. Find the verbs in the text that mean:

1. To succeed in keeping away from something dangerous or undesirable or to prevent from happening.

2. To rule over by right of authority.

3. To bring to light something previously unknown.

4. To carefully consider a situation, person or problem in order to make a judgment or to calculate what something costs or is worth.

5. To achieve something that you planned to do or attempted to do.

6. To think about something carefully or to have a particular opinion about something.

7. To include something as a necessary part of an activity, event or situation.

8. To use your strength to fight against something, to try hard to do something that you find very difficult.