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18.Describe the positive and negative aspects of conflicts and how team leaders and managers can resolve conflict.

Though many of us tend to view conflict as a negative occurrence, it has both positive and negative aspects, which arise both during and as a result of interactions between conflicting individuals or groups.

The Positive Aspects of Conflict

-Conflict contributes to social change ensuring both interpersonal and intergroup dynamics remain fresh and reflective of current interests and realities

-Conflict serves to “discourage premature group decision making,” forcing participants in the decision making process to explore the issues and interests at stake

-Conflict allows for the reconciliation of the parties’ concerns, which can lead to an agreement benefiting both parties’ needs, and often their relationship and organizations

-Conflict strengthens intragroup unity by providing an outlet for group members to discuss and negotiate their interests within the group. Without intragroup conflict, the health of the group typically declines

-Conflict between groups produces intra-group unity as the conflict provides the opportunity for increased intra-group cooperation while working towards the group’s common goal for the conflict’s outcome

The Negative Aspects of Conflict

-Conflict can distract individuals and groups from their primary purposes, leaving them with less time and resources for other activities. When conflict involves the use of “heavy contentious tactics,” it can cause the individuals or groups involved in the conflict as well as individuals or groups not involved in the conflict to divert time and resources away from other needs

-Conflict can have both short term and long term effects on the physical and psychological health of the individuals involved in or affected by the conflict. In worst case scenarios the psychological consequences can include deep trauma and diminished coping mechanisms

-Conflict can lead to “collective traumas,” which lead to “chosen trauma” and can be transmitted to future generations in the form of resentment against one’s ancestors’ enemies. Chosen trauma gives rise to group identity and keeps the flame of conflict burning.

The three-stage process below is a form of mediation process, which helps team members to do this:

Step 1: Prepare for Resolution

Acknowledge the conflict - the conflict has to be acknowledged before it can be managed and resolved;

Discuss the impact- as a team, discuss the impact the conflict is having on team dynamics and performance;

Agree to a cooperative process- everyone involved must agree to cooperate in to resolve the conflict.

Agree to communicate- the most important thing throughout the resolution process is for everyone to keep communications open;

Step 2: Understand the Situation

Clarify positions- whatever the conflict or disagreement, it's important to clarify people's positions;

Step-3. Preventing Conflict

Dealing with conflict immediately – avoid the temptation to ignore it.

Being open – if people have issues, they need to be expressed immediately and not allowed to fester.

Practicing clear communication – articulate thoughts and ideas clearly.

Practicing active listening – paraphrasing, clarifying, questioning.

Practicing identifying assumptions – asking yourself "why" on a regular basis.

Not letting conflict get personal – stick to facts and issues, not personalities.

Focusing on actionable solutions – don't belabor what can't be changed.

Encouraging different points of view – insist on honest dialogue and expressing feelings.

Not looking for blame – encourage ownership of the problem and solution.

Demonstrating respect – if the situation escalates, take a break and wait for emotions to subside.

Keeping team issues within the team – talking outside allows conflict to build and fester, without being dealt with directly.

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