Grammar exercises
Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences with Complex Subject:
1. His theory is said to have been developed for half a century. 2. He is likely to have made a full review of the article. 3. He proves to be a leading scientist in this field of sociology. 4. The experiments are reported to have been over successfully. 5. The conference is supposed to be held at the end of June. 6. The translation of the article is certain to be published next month. 7. Many foreign delegates appeared to know Russian. 8. All the groups happen to be divided into primary and secondary. 9. His interest is believed to have increased in this joint venture. 10. Everybody is sure to know at least one foreign language. 11. His poll proved to be conducted on the basis of the latest questionnaire. 12. Less attractive personalities are likely to experience less rewards in the social situations. 13. She is said to be impressed by his manner of speaking. 14. Discovering the cause of social phenomena is said to be the task of sociology. 15. The present is known to be involved in the past and the future to be involved in the present. 16. Our knowledge of the world is believed to be limited in time and space. 17. The problem of science and religion is known to have been the subject of long discussions. 18. His ideas are considered to be truthful as they give a right explanation of the world. 19. A master status is regarded to have great importance for shaping a person's entire life. 20. A social group is said to have been defined as a group of people with common interests and duties. 21. The groups are believed to be divided into primary and secondary ones dependent of the roles they play within the society. 22. Sociology as a science is known to be concerned with social groups and institutions. 23. Auguste Comte is considered to be the father of the sociological studies.
Exercise 2. Read and translate the sentences with Complex Subject.
1. The effects of family structure and break-up are said to be indirect and may be influenced by the quality of parenting a child. 2. A heavy diet of violent images in the media is supposed to do nothing positive for child development. 3. By taking care of the pets children are likely to grow not only into non violent adults, but also into positive parents in their turn. 4. Inequality in the given context is held to mean injustice. 5. He is unlikely to break with the family tradition. 6. I am in a consistent state of frustration, and those things which once gave me such pleasure no longer seem to matter. 7. All of these statistics are widely believed to underestimate the true situation by 10 percent. 8. Politicians are sure to be the greatest liars in the world. 9. The problem itself appears to be primarily a physical disorder in that certain people are predisposed to stutter. 10. Most of lies told by the average person are known to be harmless and they are called white lies. 11. Speech therapy seems to be very effective in helping people overcome the problem of stuttering. 12. Water and air pollution is recognized to have caused dramatic changes in the environment. 13. The climate is certain to be changing with each year as a result of atmospheric pollution. 14. Human activity turned out to destroy a great number of exotic animals and plants. 15. Environmentalists are likely to do their best so that to restore the ecological balance on the planet. 16. Single motherhood is known to have produced some negative effects on the formation of a personality. 17. Such children are sure to experience hardships in their childhood by being teased by their classmates. 18. Drug and alcohol abuse happened to lead to unemployment and isolation. 19. Stuttering proves to have been caused by both physiological and psychological factors. 20. Nobody is certain to like being called a liar. 21. Emotional losses are believed to be shared by spouses in the marital situations. 22. Middle age is considered to present a watershed: the first half of one's life is spent in moving into life, the second half – in preparing for death.
Exercise 3. Open the brackets, using the required form of the Infinitive.
He seemed ... all the friendliness he had shown at our previous meeting. (to lose)
“I happen ... her lawyer and she telephoned to me,” I said to the man. (to be)
It became clear that Charles was still idle. He seemed ... scarcely any law. (to read)
The cat seems ... for about three weeks. (to miss)
He appeared ... that they had had the first serious difference of opinion in the whole of their married life. (to forget)
“Dr Salt, what do you think you're doing?” “People seem ... me that for days,” said Dr Salt mildly. (to ask)
Not going home, in fact, seemed lately ... the pattern of his life. (to become)
My mother thought that his hobbies would get him nowhere. In this she turned out ... wrong. (to be)
It seemed ... in the room. The floor, the chairs, the desk were covered in drifts of white. It was torn paper. (to snow)
10. She leant far over the banister and strained her ears. All the family seemed ... at once, (to talk) general seemed ... a great deal. (to age)
12. Charles met me the first day I came to London, and our friendship seemed ... a long time. (to establish)
13. He did not even seem ... what the fuss was about. (to understand)
In front of one window there was a small table and Harry was sitting at it, peering at a pile of papers which he seemed ... or... . (to copy, to translate)
When I arrived there I didn't see the dog. Not much else seemed... . (to change)
Then I caught sight of her on the far side of the square. She seemed ... good-bye to someone. (to say)
Exercise 4. Translate the following into English using verbs in brackets as a predicate.
1. Это оказалось правдой. (to turn out)
2. Он, кажется, получил все, что хотел. (to seem)
3. «Где мисс Стоун?» – «Она, кажется, работает в справочном отделе библиотеки.» (to seem)
4. Казалось, что у него нет дружеских отношений ни с кем в отделе. (to appear)
5. Боб взглянул на мать, чтобы понять, как она реагирует на разговор. Но она, казалось, не слушала. (to seem)
6. Его сведения оказались правильными. (to turn out)
7. Казалось, что она пишет или рисует. (to seem)
8. Казалось, что сплетни эти не были восприняты моими братьями всерьез. (to seem)
9. Он, кажется, мой единственный друг. (to seem)
Мой отец слушал серьезно или, по крайней мере, создавалось впечатление, что он слушал. (to appear)
У нас, кажется, уже был этот разговор раньше. (to seem)
12. Похоже, никто из вас не знает, как вести себя прилично. (to seem)
13. Казалось, что его удивил этот слух. (to seem)
14. Было такое впечатление, что он не слышал, что она сказала. (to appear)
15. Я не знал этого парня, но он, кажется, всем тогда нравился. (to seem)
16. Случилось так, что он был приглашен на обед к Роджеру. (to happen)
Так случилось, что я первый узнал об этом. (to happen)
Exercise 5. Transform the following compound sentences into simple ones with Complex Subject.
1. It is known that he is a great book lover. 2. It was expected that the members of the committee would come to an agreement. 3. It was reported that many buildings had been damaged by the fire. 4. It is reported that the delegation has left London. 5. It is expected that many people will attend the meeting. 6. It was reported that the ship had arrived in Odessa. 7. It is considered that this mine is the best in the district. 8. It is said that the expedition has reached Vladivostok.
Exercise 6. Translate the following into Russian.
1. The devaluation of the pound sterling is known to have led to a rise of the prices of all goods imported into England. 2. The opening of the conference is understood to have been fixed for the 15th December. 3. The price of flour in England is stated to have risen by 11.6 per cent in September. 4. Imports of copper into the United Kingdom in October, were stated to be 22,441 tons. 5. The experiment, which is believed to have proved most successful, will be discussed at the conference. 6. Paper bags are said to give better protection against frost than jute bags. 7. Many million tons of coal reserves are known to exist in that district.
Exercise 7. Translate the following sentences into English using Complex Subject.
1. Говорят, что он в Москве. 2. Ожидают, что договор будет подписан на этой неделе. 3. Сообщают, что экспедиция выехала 15 мая. 4. Известно, что он придерживается другого мнения по этому вопросу. 5. Считают, что он один из лучших летчиков нашей страны. 6. Говорят, что этот дом был построен около двухсот лет тому назад.
Exercise 8. Translate.
1. Не does not seem to have been discouraged by his failure. 2. My friend seems to be having a good time at the seaside. 3. She seemed to have been waiting a long time. 4. He seems to know everything on this subject 5. The plan proved a great success. 6. He happened to look in that direction and saw a man run out of the house. 7. He seems to want to do it himself. 8. I happened to leave my office early that day. 9. He did not appear to be surprised at this news.
Exercise 9. Transform the following compound sentences into simple ones with Complex Subject and translate them into Russian.
1. It seems that this book is very popular with children. 2. It seems that she knows French perfectly well. 3. It happened that he was at home at that time. 4. It appears that the house was built in the eighteenth century. 5. It seemed that he knew the subject well. 6. It seems that the play has made a great impression on him. 7. It proved that he was a very experienced worker. 8. It happened that they met that very day.
Exercise 10. Translate into English making use of Complex Subject.
1. Он, по-видимому, удовлетворен результатом своей работы. 2. Эта книга, по-видимому, очень интересная. 3. Он, кажется, знает этот предмет очень хорошо. 4. Он, по-видимому, очень много читал по этому вопросу. 5. Эта задача оказалась очень трудной. 6. Он оказался очень хорошим спортсменом. 7. Я случайно встретил его в Сочи.
Exercise 11. Transform the following compound sentences into simple ones with Complex Subject and translate them into Russian.
1. It is very likely that the prices for these goods will go up again in England. 2. It is not likely that they will return soon. 3. It is certain that they will be here on Monday. 4. It is unlikely that the meeting will be postponed. 5. It is very likely that his article will be published in the newspaper. 6. It was not likely that the telegram would reach them in time. 7. It is sure that they will come here. 8. It is likely that the conference will be held in Moscow.
Exercise
12. Translate
into Russian.
1. They are likely to take part in this work. 2. He is sure to enjoy himself at the party. 3. The fight for export markets between highly-industrialised countries is certain to grow grimmer and grimmer. 4. The plan is likely to be approved provides for the immediate construction of a new power station. 5. The vessel is not likely to arrive at the port of destination before the 1st October. 6. The matter discussed at the conference is likely to be called next month.
Exercise 13. Translate into English using Complex Subject.
1. Погода, вероятно, изменится. 2. Вряд ли он придет. 3. Очень вероятно, что этот вопрос будет обсужден на собрании сегодня. 4. Он, наверное, придет вовремя. 5. Товары, вероятно, будут доставлены без опоздания. 6. Он, наверное, согласится принять участие в этой работе.
Exercise 14. Make up sentences with the phrases below to show a purpose of the action.
…opened the door for... .
...invented a pretext for... .
5. ...packed up some things for... .
...gave instructions for ... .
...left messages for... .
...was building a house for... .
...left a blank space in the notes for... .
...mentioned her name for... .
Exercise 15. Complete the sentences to show a result of the action. (Make use of the following phrases: feel shy; look inside; be flattered by his compliments; believe in; carry; admit; utter a sound.)
Model: Your answer came far too swiftly... . – Your answer came far too swiftly for it to be a joke.
1. With a gentle creaking (с тихим скрипом) the door swung ajar (при-открылась) sufficiently... .
2. They chattered merrily about one thing and another. I was young enough... .
3. He was well enough known in the theatrical world... .
4. He carried a suitcase which was too big... .
5. Nothing had ever frightened her so much, and her mouth went too dry... .
6. He was silent. Her words had expressed the truth too deep... .
7. I believe Constance and I were too good friends... .
Exercise 16. Make it clear as to who should perform the following actions.
Model: Do you mean to say it’s necessary to apply to him? – Exactly, (definitely, undoubtedly, that's just it). It's necessary for you to apply to him.
1. It is possible to console her.
2. It is necessary to see her.
3. It is impossible to understand the motive of this offer.
4. It is necessary to introduce him.
5. It is important to go through all the correspondence.
TEXT 2
Task 1. Read the text once.