Grammar section причастные конструкции

Конструкция	Пример	Перевод
Объектный причастный оборот the Objective Participial Construction сущ. (общ. п.) / Мест. (объект. п.) + Participle I и II	We heard him playing the Piano. I considered the work done I had my books bound.	Мы слышали, как он играл на пианино. Я считал, что работа выполнена. Я переплел свои книги. (Кто-то переплел их для меня).
Субъектный причастный оборот the Subjective Participial Construction сущ. (общ. п.) / мест. (им. п.) + Participle I и II	Не was seen crossing the Street. She was heard talking about it. He was seen looking for Something.	Видели, как он переходил улицу. Слышали, как она об этом говорила. Видели, как он что-то искал.
Независимый причастный оборот the Absolute Participial Construction сущ. (общ. п.) / мест. (им. п.) + Participle I и II	It being warm, we went for a walk. Radio was invented in 1895, the inventor being the Russian scientist.	Так как было тепло, мы пошли гулять. Радио было изобретено в 1895 г., причем изобретатель был русским ученым.

Grammar exercises

Exercise 1. Replace the underlined words in these sentences by using a Participle Clause:

Model: Since she had phoned to say her plane was delayed, she knew her friends would not be worried. – Having phoned to say her plane was delayed, she knew her friends would not be worried.

1. I had finally got a job at Johnson and Barnet, so I was anxious that my first advertising campaign should be effective.

2. He sold all his shares in Burchfield Books because he realised that the company was in trouble.

3. Once the people in the village had gone into debt to traders, they missed out on what they should have been earning.

4. After I had closed the door quietly behind me, I tiptoed into the room.

5. The drilling in the street continued throughout the three-hour exam so that it completely destroyed his concentration.

Exercise 2. Participle Clauses can also be used to combine sentences. Combine the sentences below using participle clauses.

Model: More than 2 million people work in the telecommunications industry. This makes it one of the country's most significant employers. – More than 2 million people work in the telecommunications industry, making it one of the country's most significant employers.

1. There are 2,3 million snowboarders in the United States. They represent nearly 20 % of the people who visit ski resorts annually.

2. Burton spent the summer of 1978 in Europe. He was testing his boards on Austrian glaciers.

3. Burton Snowboards still dominates the industry. The company sells more than 100 000 snowboards a year in North America.

4. Sometimes key ingredients for a product are not available locally. This makes it necessary to find alternatives.

5. He remembers getting very excited. At the time he was teaching his students in Bangladesh how economic theories provided solutions to problems.

6. Manufacturers throughout the world have patented just about every imaginable car name. This makes it extremely difficult to find a suitable name for a new model.

Exercise 3. Translate into English using Complex Object with Participle II:

1. Он хочет, чтобы документы были отосланы воздушной почтой. 2. Вы починили свои часы? 3. Они хотят, чтобы товары были отгружены в понедельник. 4. Я видел, как мешки погрузили. 5. Я должен почистить свои ботинки. 6. Отошлите эти документы сейчас же. 7. Почему вы покрасили стены в такой темный цвет? 8. Я слышал, как это было сказано несколько раз. 9. Он отослал письмо вчера.

Exercise 4. Translate into Russian.

1. My task having been finished, I went to bed. 2. Peter being away, Alexander had to do his work. 3. It being very cold, they made a fire. 4. It being very stormy, they stayed at home. 5. All this having been settled, he went home. 6. The preparations being completed, they began to climb up the mountain. 7. The moon being bright, everything was clearly visible. 8. Our petrol being exhausted, we could go no further. 9. The game having ended, the crowd went home. 10. It was dark, the sun having set an hour before. 11. The concert being over, everyone went away. 12. Nobody being there, I went away. 13. My brother having taken the key, I could not enter the house. 14. The negotiations between the American and British representatives were conducted behind closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information. 15. Dinner being over, we went into the garden. 16. At last the excitement died down, the captain having assured the passengers, that there was no longer the slightest danger. 17. The letter having been delayed, the news reached us too late. 18. The key having been lost, they could not enter the cottage. 19. The weather being fine, all the windows were opened. 20. The play being very popular, it was difficult to get tickets. 21. There being no further business, the meeting adjourned. 22. Agriculture is Costa Rica’s chief activity, mining and manufacturing being little developed. 23. We are not giving you any particulars, the enclosed letter containing the necessary information. 24. Retail prices in Argentina are becoming more inflated than ever, the increase in the means of payment having exceeded the increase in the supply of goods. 25. The contract quantity was 5 000 tons, the sellers having an option to deliver 2 per cent, more or less. 26. With the shipping strike in the United Stales still going on, arrivals of American cotton in Liverpool were rather small. 27. The London market for Manila hemp was quiet, with demand from Western Europe restricted by the shortage of dollars for purchase.

Exercise 5. Translate into Russian.

1. Saying that he left the room. 2. Knowing nothing of the dangers we continued our way. 3. The doctor, having felt his pulse aim examined his wounds, declared that he was much better. 4. He left the room seen by no one. 5. While learning the pronunciation of the words we learned their meaning. 6. Having received the information required, the sellers sent the buyers their offer. 7. The letter being typed by the typist must be sent off as soon as it is really. 8. Payment will be made in Moscow against a telegram signed by the captain of the vessel stating the quantity loaded. 9. While discharging the goods the workers came upon a number of bags damaged by sea water. 10. The contract contains a clause providing that all disputes from time to time arising under it, should be referred to arbitration. 11. The goods were transhipped in Riga, and the expenses incurred were paid by the sellers. 12. We have received a letter from the suppliers stating that they are prepared to execute our order in accordance with the conditions stipulated. 13. Against the background of the falling standard of living of the British workers, the profits earned by the monopolists are particularly outrageous. 14. The steamer met with rough weather while crossing the Indian Ocean. 15. When asking the seller to send him a quotation, the buyer gives a detailed description of the goods required by him. 16. The goods were ready for shipment, having been inspected and tested by the buyer's inspectors.

Exercise 6. Translate into English using Complex Object (Infinitive or Participial Construction).

1. Капитан наблюдал, как матросы разгружали пароход. 2. Капитан наблюдал, как разгружали пароход. 3. Я видел, как рабочие упаковывали товары. 4. Я видел, как товары упаковывали. 5. Мы наблюдали, как они ремонтировали машину. 6. Мы наблюдали, как ремонтировали машину. 7. Я слышал, как он сказал ей об этом. 8. Я слышал, как она рассказывала ему об этом. 9. Я слышал, как он кричал что-то с противоположного берега. 10. Я видел, как он погасил свет и вышел из комнаты. 11. Я наблюдал, как они спускались с горы. 12. Я слышал, как капитан приказал матросам начать разгрузку парохода. 13. Я видел, как пароход медленно плыл по реке. 14. Я видел, как машина остановилась у дверей дома.

Exercise 7. Translate into Russian.

1. Explained again, the rule became quite clear to everybody.

2. The rule explained, we started doing the exercise.

3. The rule being explained is not easy.

4. The rule explained is difficult.

5. If explained, the rule will not seem difficult.

6. We would like it explained again.

7. The man saved was a Norvegian sailor. All the children having been saved, everybody felt relieved.

8. Having saved the boy's life, the doctor felt relieved.

9. The passengers are being saved. I want him saved.

Exercise 8. Point out the Objective and the Subjective Participial Construction. Translate into Russian.

1. In the midday quiet of the bush she heard a small bird singing. (Young) 2. The taxi could be seen waiting outside. (Murdoch) 3. His face clouded when he heard his name spoken. (Greene) 4. She had the drawing-room redecorated. (Maugham) 5. All the while she felt her heart beating with a vague fear. (Eliot) 6. The darkness found him occupied with these thoughts. The darkness found Mr. and Mrs. Plornish knocking at his door. (Dickens) 7. Somewhere a long way off a telephone bell rang and a voice could be heard speaking. (Greene) 8. For their New Year’s Eve party she had all the furniture moved out of the parlor and sitting-room. (Stone) 9. Get your things packed. (Cronin) 10. Temple heard the woman fumbling at the wall. (Faulkner) 11. The two men were heard descending. (Dickens) 12. Two days later she heard sleigh bells coming up the drive. (Stone) 13. They wanted the Committee convened over the week-end. (Snow) 14. She had her bed moved to the corner of the porch. (Buck) 15. Mary could feel Elizabeth reviewing their hopes and dreams, their relationship as sisters. (Stone) 16. She averted her eyes each time she found herself being stared at. (Caldwell) 17. The din in the entrance hall continued, and more vehicles could be heard arriving at the door. (Murdoch) 18. She heard the musicians tuning up in the back parlour. (Stone)

Exercise 9. Translate into English, using the Objective or the Subjective Participial Construction.

1. 1. Была тихая летняя ночь. Мы сидели в саду и наблюдали, как луна медленно поднимается из-за деревьев. 2. Мы услышали, что кто-то поет вдали. 3. В детстве я часто слышал, как моя мать пела эту песню. 4. Мы увидели, что по дорожке сада идет сын нашего соседа. 5. Мы не видели его уже много лет, но часто слышали, как его имя упоминалось в доме его родителей. Мы не раз слышали, как его мать говорила о нем и его работе.

2. 1. Полчаса спустя Лаврецкий стоял уже перед калиткой сада (garden gate). Он нашел ее запертою и принужден был перепрыгнуть через забор. (Тургенев) 2. Слышно было, как он быстро встал... . (Л. Толстой) 3. Подходя к церкви, увидел он, что народ уже расходился (to соme out). (Пушкин) 4. Я видел, как вы садились на пароход (to come on board). (А. Толстой) 5. Видно было, как по переулку подбегали (to run up the alley) люди. (А. Толстой)

Exercise 10. Point out the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction. State what kind of adverbial modifier it expresses. Translate into Russian.

1. The weather being dark and piercing cold, he had no great temptation to loiter. (Dickens) 2. Out in the shadow of the Japanese sunshade she [Irene] was sitting very still, the lace on her white shoulders stirring with the soft rise and fall of her bosom. (Galsworthy) 3. His tale told, he put his head back and laughed. (Stone) 4. She had put some order into the drawing-room by now, her housewifely instincts having got the better of her dismay. (Maugham) 5. This being understood, the conference was over and Lufkin got up to join his guests. (Snow) 6. The next morning, it being Sunday, they all went to church. (Buck) 7. For the moment the shop was empty, the mechanic having disappeared into a room at the back. (Hansford Johnson) 8. She paused listlessly, her head dropping upon her breast. (Cronin) 9. No one having as yet expressed any such opinion, this was the more readily assented to. (Galsworthy) 10. Sir Henry was deep in his papers, his long, white, unringed hands moving nervously in rhythm with his thoughts. (Greene) 11. The constraint caused by Timothy's presence having worn off a little, conversation took a military turn. (Galsworthy) 12. This done, and Sikes having satisfied his appetite, the two men laid themselves down on chairs for a short nap. (Dickens) 13. She rose from the bed and removed her coat and stood motionless, her head bent, her hands clasped before her. (Faulkner) 14. There being nothing eatable within his reach, Oliver replied in the affirmative. (Dickens)

TEXT 2

Task 1. Number the paragraphs.

Task 2. Study the meanings of the words in bold.