- •Раздел 1. Программа учебной дисциплины.
- •Рецензенты:
- •Пояснительная записка:
- •1.6 Содержание дисциплины.
- •Введение.
- •Общие сведения о германских языках
- •Древний период истории английского языка
- •Средний и Новый период истории английского языка
- •2 Hours
- •Germanic languages
- •2 Hours
- •Old English Phonetics
- •4 Hours
- •Introduction
- •Old English Grammar
- •6 Hours
- •PhoneticChanges in Middle and Early New English
- •4 Hours
- •Evolution of the Grammatical System from 11th to 18th c.
- •4 Hours Morphology
- •Пример этимологического анализа Этимологический анализ предложения.
- •1.7 Методические рекомендации по организации изучения дисциплины.
- •Questions and assignments for seminars
- •Text for analysis: “Beowulf” (837-841. 863-868)
- •1.8 Учебно-методическое обеспечение дисциплины.
- •Основная
- •Перечень используемых технических средств:
- •Примерные зачетные тестовые задания.
- •Questions to the exam:
- •Экзаменационные требования и система оценок
- •Комплект экзаменационных билетов (утвержденный зав. Кафед-
- •Примерная тематика рефератов.
- •Методики исследования.
- •Бально-рейтинговая система, используемая преподавателем для
- •Раздел 2. Методические указания по изучению дисциплины (или ее разделов) и контрольные задания для студентов заочной формы обучения.
- •Раздел 3. Содержательный компонент теоретического материала.
- •Syllabus for the course of history of english
- •Lecture 1
- •Introduction
- •2 Hours
- •1.The subject of history of English. The aims of the course
- •2.Sources of language history. Inner and outer history of the language.
- •3. Statics and dynamics in language history. Causes of language evolution.
- •Lecture 2 germanic languages
- •2 Hours
- •1.Modern Germanic languages.
- •2.The earliest period of Germanic history. Proto-Germanic (pg).
- •3.Linguistic features of Germanic languages.
- •Independent Vowel Changes in Proto-Germanic
- •Mutation of Vowels in Late pg
- •Consonant Shift in Proto-Germanic (Grimm's Law)
- •Voicing of Fricatives in Proto-Germanic (Verner's Law)
- •Examples of Vowel Gradation in Gothic Strong Verbs
- •1.Periodisation of the History of English. Periodisation of the History of English
- •Old English Alphabet
- •Lecture 4 Old English Phonetics
- •4 Hours
- •1.Word stress.
- •2.Old English vowels. Changes of stressed vowels. Independent changes.
- •Splitting of [a] and [a:] in Early Old English
- •Old English Reflexes of Proto-Germanic Diphthongs
- •Breaking and Diphthongisation
- •Palatal Mutation
- •Old English Vowels
- •3.Old English consonants.
- •Reflexes of Proto-Germanic Fricatives in Old English
- •Palatalisation and Splitting of Velar Consonants
- •Old English Consonants
- •Lecture 5 Old English Grammar
- •6 Hours
- •Morphological Classification of Nouns in Old English
- •Declensions of Nouns Strong Declensions (Vocalic Stems)
- •Strong Declensions (Vocalic Stems)
- •Consonantal Stems
- •2.The pronoun.
- •Declension of Personal Pronouns
- •Declension of sē, sēo, þæt
- •3.The adjectives.
- •Comparison of Adjectives in Old English
- •5.The verb
- •Conjugation of verbs in Old English
- •Participles in Old English
- •Strong Verbs in Old English
- •Weak Verbs In Old English
- •Conjugation of Preterite-Presents in Old English
- •Conjugation of oe bēon, ne be
- •Lecture 6 Old English Vocabulary
- •Peculiarities of Middle English Spelling
- •Quantitative Vowel Changes in Late Old English and Early Middle English
- •Development of oe [y] and [y:] in me dialects
- •Splitting of oe [a:] in Middle English
- •Development of Old English Diphthongs in Early Middle English
- •Growth of New Diphthongs in Middle English
- •Middle English Vowels
- •The Great Vowel Shift
- •Vocalisation of г and Associated Vowel Changes
- •Principal Quantitative Vowel Changes
- •Development of Sibilants and Affricates in Early Middle English
- •Voicing of Consonants in Early New English
- •Development of Sibilants and Affricates in Early New English
- •Lecture 9 Evolution of the Grammatical System from 11th to 18th c.
- •4 Hours
- •Morphology
- •Раздел 4. Словарь терминов (глоссарий).
- •Раздел 5. Практикум по решению задач (практических ситуаций) по темам лекций (одна из составляющих частей итоговой государственной аттестации).
- •Model of morphological analysis
- •Раздел 6. Изменения в рабочей программе, которые произошли после утверждения программы.
- •Раздел 7. Учебные занятия по дисциплине ведут:
Participles in Old English
Voice Tense |
Active |
Passive |
NE |
Present |
berende |
— |
bearing |
|
secзende |
— |
saying |
|
зanзende |
— |
going |
|
farende |
— |
‘travelling’ |
Past |
зезān |
зеboren |
gone, born |
|
зefaren |
зesǽdd |
‘who has departed, said’ |
Morphological classifications of verbs.
Strong verbs. There were about three hundred strong verbs in OE. They formed their stems by means of vowel gradation (ablaut) and by adding certain suffixes.
The classes of strong verbs.
Strong Verbs in Old English
Principal forms
Classes |
Infinitive |
Past Singular1 |
Past Plural |
Participle II |
NE |
1 |
wrītan |
wrāt |
writon |
writen |
write |
2 |
(a) cēosan (b) būзan |
cēas bēaз |
curon buзon |
coren bозеn |
choose bow |
3 |
(a) findan (b) helpan (c) feohtan |
fand healp feaht |
fundon hulpon fuhton |
funden holpen fohten |
find help fight |
4 |
beran |
bær |
bǽron |
boren |
bear |
5 |
(a) cweðan
(b) sittan |
cwæð
sæt |
cwǽdon
sǽton |
cweden
seten |
‘say’ (obs. quoth) sit |
6 |
scacan |
scōc |
scōcon |
scacen |
shake |
7 |
(a) hātan (b) зrōwan |
hēt (heht) зrēow |
hēton (hehton) зrēowon |
hāten зrōwen |
‘call’, ‘name’ grow |
Weak verbs.The weak verbs derived their Past Tense stem and the stem of Participle II from the Present Tense stem with the help of the dental suffix.
The classes of weak verbs.
Weak Verbs In Old English
Principal forms
Classes |
Infinitive |
Past Tense |
Participle II |
NE |
I |
-an/-ian |
-de/-ede/-te |
-ed/-d/-t |
|
|
(a) styrian (b) temman (c) dēman (d) cēpan (e) tellan (f) þyncan |
styrede teraede dēmde cēpte tealde þūhte |
styred temed dēmed cēped teald þūht |
stir tame deem keep tell thin |
II |
-ian |
-ode |
-od |
|
|
lōcian |
lōcode |
lōcod |
look |
III |
-an |
-de |
-d |
|
|
libban habban |
lifde hæfde |
lifd hæfd |
live have
|
Class 1: includes regular and irregular verbs.The verbs of the Class I, being i-stems, originally contained the element [-i/-j] between the root and the endings. This caused palatal mutation of the root vowel, and the lengthening of consonants. [-i/-j] was lost in all verbs before the age of writing.
Two groups of verbs in Class I – types (e) and (f) had an interchange of root-vowels: the Infinitive had a mutated vowel like all the verbs of ClassI, while the other two forms retained the original non-mutated vowel. These verbs are called irregular in Class1
Minor groups of verbs.
Preterite-present or past-present verbs. Originally the Present tense forms of these verbs were Past tense forms (or, more precisely, IE perfect forms, denoting past actions for the present). Later these forms acquired a present meaning but preserved many formal features of the Past tense. Mos of these verbs had new forms of the Past tense built with the help of the dental suffix. Some of them also acquired the forms of the verbals: Participles and Infinitives; mos of the verbs dfid not have a full paradigm and were in this sense “defective”