5. Translate into English:

1. Повідомляють, що «Автосалон» відбудеться у неділю на площі.

2. Виявилось, що цей двигун потужніший за той.

3. Кажуть, що електромобіль вигідніший за бензиновий.

4. Відомо, що він найкращий спеціаліст з ремонту німецьких машин у нашому місті.

5. Мабуть, бензин скінчився.

6. Ймовірно, що делегація інженерів автозаводу повернеться наступного тижня.

7. Кажуть,що машини зіткнулися на повороті.

8. Відомо, що він сконструював автомобіль на основі триколісного велосипеду.

9. Здається, двигун стукає.

10. Робітники автосервісу, мабуть, зможуть допомогти нам.

6. Translate in writing:

The Operating Cycle of the Four-Stroke Petrol Engine. Anyone familiar with the working of the ordinary petrol engine is aware that the motive power is produced by igniting above the piston in each cylinder a mixture of petrol vapour and air, the combustion of which causes an expansion of gases exerting pressure on the piston. By this means the heat released by the fuel is transformed into work, the reciprocating movement of the pistons being converted into rotary movement of the crankshaft by means of connecting rods.

The four-stroke cycle is the operation sequence more commonly employed. It requires that each cylinder be provided with an inlet valve to admit a combustible mixture of petrol and air drawn by the suction of the engine from a mixing device known as a carburettor into the space above the piston, while there must also be an exhaust valve to control the outlet through which the residual products of combustion are ejected after they have done their work.

The cycle events can be summarized as follows:

1. Intake stroke. Intake valve open.

2. Compression stroke. Both valves closed.

3. Expansion or power stroke. Both valves closed.

4.Exhaust stroke. Exhaust valve open.

Unit 21 Cooling system

1. Memorize the new words and word-combinations:

1.to adop

2.cast

3.passage

4.otherwise

5.fan belt

6. cylinder head

7. intense heat

8. to re-enter

9. efficiency

приймати

форма

прохід

у іншому випадку

ремінь вентилятору

головка циліндра

інтенсивне тепло

знову входити

ефективність

2.Translate the word-combinations:

cooling system, cylinder block, cylinder head, passages cast in the cylinder block, fan belt, water pump, intense heat, to flow upward, the water itself must be cooled, by means of, to filter through, to re-enter, to force the water through the system, cooling

3. Read and translate the text. Cooling system

Engines become very hot while they are running, due to the intense heat created by the combustion. Some form of cooling must therefore be adopted and in most cars water is used.

The water enters the cylinder block near the bottom of the cylinders, and flows through special passages cast in the cylinder block and cylinder head. As it absorbs the engine heat its temperature increases and this causes it to flow upward. When it reaches the top of the engine the water is very hot. Now the water itself must be cooled, otherwise it would boil. This is done by means of a radiator. The hot water leaves the top of the engine and filters through the radiator where it is cooled by the passage of air. As it cools it falls to the bottom of the radiator from where it re-enters the engine. A pump, driven by the fan belt, helps to force the water through the system and so improves its cooling efficiency.

There are engines, particularly of the horizontally opposed flat-four type, which do not have a water cooling system but are maintained at a reasonable temperature by the passage of air around them.

4. Answer the questions:

1) What is the purpose of the cooling system?

2) How does a water-cooling system work?

3) How are engines of the horizontally opposed flat-four type maintained at a reasonable temperature?

5.Choose the right translation:

1.становитися - to create, to become, to reach

2.приймати - to adopt, to cause, to oppose

3.підвищуватись - to force, to increase, to pump

4.кипіти - to filter, to boil, to flow

5.через - around, through, otherwise

6. Say with one word:

1) hole in the engine block in which a piston moves and combustion takes place

2) metal unit, bolted on top of the engine block, that covers the cylinder and forms the top of the combustion chamber

3) device used to control the temperature of air, gas or liquid flowing through a system