7.Translate the text in writing:

The piston goes up and down but the car wheels go round. So something must change the up-and-down movement to a round-and-round movement. The connecting rod makes the change. The little end of the connecting rod is connected to the piston. The connecting rod can swing from side to side. The big end is connected to a shaft. The crankshaft can move round inside the big end. As the piston goes up and down, the connecting rod causes the crankshaft to go round. When you ride a bicycle, your legs go up and down. The pedals and the chain wheel go round. The movement of the connecting rod is like your leg movement, so the connecting rod causes the crankshaft to go round. This circular movement goes through the gears to the car wheels.

8. Translate into English:

1) Pyx можна визначити як постійну зміну положення.

2) Стару машину буде замінено наступного місяця.

3) Двигун внутрішнього згорання цієї машини має новий дизайн.

4) Повітря охолоджує вода.

5) Якщо тверде або рідке тіло нагрівають, воно розширюється.

Unit 5 Electrical system

1. Memorize the new words and word-combinations:

1.voltage

2.coil of wire

3.primary, secondary coil

4.contact breaker

5.point

6.to fit

7.distributor rotor arm

8.cooling fan

9.pressure

10.to store

11.to recharge

напруга

обмотка

первинна, вторинна обмотка

контактний переривник

контакт, клема

прилягати, щільно підходити

ротор розподілювача

охолоджуючий вентилятор

тиск

запасати, накопичувати

перезаряджати

2.Translate the word-combinations:

the contact-contact breaker- contact breaker cam

the electricity - the electricity flow - the electricity flow control

the car- the car speed - the car speed calculation

the flow - the flow measuring - the flow measuring instrument

3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

cooling fan, ignition switch, firing sequence, one after the other, primary coil, electrical pressure, to store electricity, secondary coil, to cause a strong flow, to recharge the battery, to break the flow of electricity

4. Read and translate the text. Electrical system

The battery and the coil.

The battery is used to store electricity. The electrical pressure (voltage) of a car battery is only 12 volts. When high- voltage electricity jumps a space between two points it causes a spark. This happens in the sparking plug. A voltage of about 7,000 volts from a 12-volt battery? The coil does it. The coil is really two coils of wire: the primary coil and a secondary coil. The electricity (12 volts) from the battery flows through the primary coil. Suddenly stopping the flow to the primary coil causes a very strong flow in the secondary coil. The flow through the primary coil is stopped by the contact breaker.

The contact breaker and the distributor.

The contact breaker stops or breaks the flow of electricity in the primary coil. The distributor distributes the high-voltage electricity to the sparking plugs. The electricity from the primary coil flows through the centre of the distributor. This rod is turned by the camshaft. There are points in the contact breaker. The points can be opened so as to break the flow of electricity to the primary coil. A cam opens the points. They are closed by a spring. The cam of a four-cylinder engine fits on the rod from the camshaft. It turns when the rod turns. Each corner of the cam presses on the contact breaker. This opens the points of the contact breaker. Now high-voltage electricity flows through the secondary coil to the distributor rotor arm.

The rotor arm is above the contact breaker cam. It is turned by the same rod from the camshaft. As the rotor arm goes round it touches points. Each of these leads to a sparking plug. Each time the arm touches a point, the contact breaker points are also open. Then high-voltage electricity flows from the secondary coil to the rotor arm. From the rotor arm it goes to the sparking plug. This causes a spark.

Let us look at this again. The cam opens the points. The flow of electricity to the primary coil stops. High-voltage electricity flows in the secondary coil. It flows through the rotor arm to the sparking plugs. The cam turns. The points close. Electricity flows again into the primary coil. The rotor arm turns also. Contact with the sparking plugs is broken. All this is controlled from the camshaft.

5. Answer the questions:

1) How do we get high-voltage electricity from a car battery?

2) What is the purpose of a contact breaker?

3) What causes a spark and how does it get to the sparking plug?

4) How does the high-voltage electricity get to the proper sparking plug?

6.Translate the international words:

battery, electrical, volt, contact, to stop, centre, rotor, starter, instrument, regulator, motor, diagram, special, condenser