2.Choose the pairs of word- combinations:

1.передатне число заднього мосту

2.ведома шестерня головної передачі

3.передачу у задньому мості

4.зубчате колесо (шестерня)

5.карданний вал

6.максимальна швидкість

7.диференційна дія

8.задня ось

9.півось

10.півосьові шестерні диференціалу

11.сателіт диференціалу

12. півосьова шестерня

a) rear axle

b) propeller shaft

c) differential action

d) toothed wheel

e) crown wheel

f) rear axle ratio

g) top speed

h) rear axle drive

i) differential gear

j) differential pinion

k) axle half-shaft

l) differential star wheels

3. Read and translate the text. Rear axle. Rear axle differential action

The rear axle is the final unit in the transmission system and, in cars of conventional design, it is connected to the gearbox by a long tube known as a propeller shaft. The rear axle has four jobs to do: 1) It carries the rear road wheels. 2) It transmits the drive to the wheels. 3) It reduces the ratio of the drive from the gearbox and turns it a right-angle. That is to say, it converts the right to left rotation of the propeller shaft into the forward or backward rotation of the road wheels. 4) It allows for differential action.

The rear axle drive consists of a small toothed wheel, known as a pinion, which is joined to the propeller shaft, and a large toothed wheel (the crown wheel), which is driven by the pinion. The difference between the number of crown wheel and pinion teeth gives the rear axle ratio. For instance, if the crown wheel has 48 teeth and the pinion has 12, the ratio is 48 to 12, or 4 to l. A high ratio gives a faster top speed with slower acceleration, while a low ratio gives a slower top speed but faster acceleration. The car designer must balance the two to give a good all-round performance.

When a car goes round a bend the rear wheel on the outside of the bend has to travel further and faster than the wheel on the inside. This difference of travel between one rear wheel and the other is known as differential action, and it has to be allowed for in the design of the rear axle.

Each rear road wheel is driven from the centre of the axle by a half-shaft, but because of the need for the differential action the inner ends of the half-shafts cannot be driven directly from the crown wheel. Instead, they are fitted within an arrangement of gears called differential gears. This quite complicated arrangement allows both half-shafts to run at the same speed when the car is travelling along a straight road, but lets them run at different speeds when differential action is needed for turning corners, at the same time keeping power on each driving wheel.

4.Answer the questions:

1) What is the rear axle connected to the gearbox by?

2) What is the purpose of the rear axle?

3) What does the rear axle drive consist of?

4) What gives the rear axle ratio?

5) What does differential action mean?

6) What is each rear road wheel driven by?

7) Where are the inner ends of the half-shafts fitted?

8) What is the function of the differential gears?

9) When is differential needed?

5.Translate the words, formed by conversion:

Tooth-to tooth, crown - to crown, balance - to balance, side- to side, swing- to swing, body-to body, tip- to tip, travel-to travel, shoulder - to shoulder, bend - to bend, design - to design, centre - to centre, call - to call, straight - to straight, turn - to turn, time - to time

6.Say with one word:

1) solid metal rod, extending from the differential, that transfers power to an automobile's drive wheel

2) gear unit that allows the outside rear wheel to revolve faster than the inside rear wheel during the turn

3) steel unit in which the differential gears are located

7. Put the verbs in the right form and translate:

1) He not (to see) me as he (to repair) the car when I (to come ) into the garage.

2) He (to thank) me for what I (to do) for him.

3) We (to work) for about two hours when at last we (to see) the results of our work.

4) By the time he is thirty, he (to become) a great constructor.

8. Translate into English.

A:

Ці машини було застраховано цього року.

Ці машини було застраховано до того, як вони прибули сюди.

Машини, застраховані на велику суму, прибули вранці.

B:

Ці цифри було представлено у статті.

Цифри, що представлено у статті, нереальні.

Цифри, що ви називаєте, було представлено у статті.

C:

Він взяв батьківську машину, не запитавши дозволу.

Не питаючи дозволу, він завжди бере машину.

Не питай кожного разу, я дозволяю тобі користуватися машиною.