Вопросы для самопроверки

1. Чем вызвана необходимость совершать различные преобразования в процессе перевода?

2. Что такое опущение?

3. Почему при переводе с английского языка на русский часто приходится прибегать к приему добавления?

4. В чем суть транспозиции?

5. Какие грамматические формы часто приходится изменять в процессе перевода с английского языка на русский?

6. В чем смысл приема компенсации смысловых потерь?

7. В чем отличие между конкретизацией и генерализацией?

8. Что такое антонимический перевод?

9. В чем суть приема смыслового развития и метонимического перевода?

10. Назовите виды изменения структуры предложения при переводе с английского языка на русский.

11. Чем отличается положение ремы в английском и русском предложениях?

12. В чем состоит сложность приема целостного переосмысления?

Практические задания

1. Переведите следующие предложения, используя различные трансформации.

Лексические:

1. добавление

1. The flowers carpeted the hills and fields.

2. She has never traveled internationally.

3. Professionally, he can be completely relied on.

4. He stole a look at the girl.

5. They watched the criminal out of the courtroom.

2. опущение

1. He jumped to his feet and ran after them.

2. Why scratching your left ear with your right hand?

3. The invaders came to kill and murder civil population.

4. Working men and women deserve a better life.

5. We were sick and tired of waiting for hours and hours.

3. Контекстуальные замены

А) конкретизация

1. Things look promising.

2. The meal was served at 6 pm.

3. It will take me about an hour to get there.

4. All the hotels in the city provide parking facilities.

Б) генерализация

1. Two persons were reported shot.

2. The dog sniffed every inch of the ground.

3. A 120-voice choir was performing in the open air.

4. The five-minute meeting with reporters was over.

В) антонимический перевод

1. Their attitude was not unfriendly.

2. She had not left the reception until after her driver came to pick her up.

3. The permission is not given unless authorized by the dean.

4. Her name does not sound unfamiliar to me.

Г) целостное переосмысление

1. Sleep on it, tomorrow is a new day.

2. Rob Peter to pay Paul.

3. It’s easy to be wise after the event.

4. No gain without pain.

5. Do as you would be done by.

6. Black sheep.

7. Re-inventing the wheel.

8. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

2. Переведите предложения, используя метод лексической трансформации. Укажите используемые виды трансформации.

1. They had little to say to each other.

2. Price rise is not unlikely to remain in the forthcoming period.

3. According to the company’s president, the reorganization is inevitable.

4. The US and EU remain split over this issue.

5. I can read you like a book.

6. Faithful to their plan, the members of the crew dressed themselves in their oldest uniforms.

7. He knows London as the back of his hand.

8. The operation was carried out neatly and smartly.

9. The final result was a minor matter for him.

10. In the country of one-eyed be one-eyed.

11. Meeting such results is vital for the company’s development.

12. The one-minute shock was over, and all returned to their duties.

13. The models of development are now struggling.

14. A year or two ago, the bank would have granted a loan without a second thought.

15. Most of the company’s output is sold domestically.

16. All of the company’s offices around the world are stuffed with locals.

17. Two dozen countries that kiss the Caribbean Sea seem to be a dream.

18. When it comes to the environment, big American companies like to appear green.

19. It’ll be a good thing if they are able to stabilize the situation.

20. She’s accident-prone.

21. He’s clever with his hands.

22. Decision-making in Brussels, already slow and complex, will be more difficult with 25 members at the table.

23. Prime Minister Tony Blair was hit by a tomato Tuesday as he encountered a group protesting the sanctions the United Nations imposed on Iraq.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, используя грамматические трансформации.

1. I’m sure he’ll benefit from participating in this conference both personally and professionally.

2. A three-day conference on Chernobyl issues gathered as many as 500 delegates all over the world in March.

3. A Mr. Brown has left a message for you.

4. He is no longer the Johnson we used to know.

5. The economic growth is influenced by a number of factors.

6. They are said to be making progress.

7. The first step to be taken is to start negotiations.

8. No one was reported to be missing.

9. They are known to have won.

10. Do you really believe such meetings to be useful?

11. Mine is a totally different approach

12. I should guess her to be around sixty.

13. Mr. Powell strongly denied this to have been the case.

14. I don’t think the US delegation would want there to be another war.

15. With him confessing to the crime, the court decided to commute the sentence.

16. I have a mind to manage my life in my own way.

3. Исправьте следующие буквализмы, допущенные при переводе с английского языка на русский документальных фильмов Би-Би-Си на телеканале Виасат хистори.

1. Он стал знаменит за его трюки больше, чем за его фильмы. (famous for, his)

2. Он был во внимании и попрощался с Черчиллем, когда его гроб проносили мимо. (stood at attention)

3. Он упал вперед. (fall forward)

4. После концерта автобус с музыкантами уехал прочь. (went away)

5. Пол Ньюмен был очень важным человеком в истории кинематографа.

6. Они удалились. (They moved apart.)

7. Это растение принесло выгоду англичанам.

8. Хлопок стал повседневной составляющей жизни англичан.

9. В один момент… (at one  moment)

ЛЕКЦИЯ 3

МЕТОДИКА ПЕРЕВОДА

УРОВНИ ПЕРЕВОДЧЕСКИХ СООТВЕТСТВИЙ (ЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОСТИ)

УРОВЕНЬ СЛОВА