II. Найдите в тексте имена, подлежащие транскрипции, и выберите оптимальный звуко-буквенный вариант для перевода их на русский язык в соответствии со сказочным стилем текста.

After only a brief rest they started on their way again. All were eager to get the journey over as quickly as possible, and were willing, tired as they were, to go on marching still for several hours. Gandalf walked in front as before. In his left hand he held up his glimmering staff, the light of which just showed the ground before his feet; in his right hand he held his sword Glamdring. Behind him came Gimli, his eyes glinting in the dim light as he turned his head from side to side. Behind the dwarf walked Frodo, and he had drawn the short sword, Sting. No gleam came from the blades of Sting or of Glamdring; and that was some comfort, for being the work of Elvish smiths in the Elder days these swords shone with a cold light, if any Ores were near at hand. Behind Frodo went Sam, and after him Legolas, and the young hobbits, and Boromir. In the dark at the rear, grim and silent, walked Aragorn.

III. Предложите варианты для передачи имен русских сказочных и фольклорных персонажей.

One of the most ancient and prolific folk genres is the tale. The Russians possess variants of well-known fairy tales such as [Белоснежка], [Дюймовочка] or [Золушка], as well as many original subjects, each in countless different versions. Folk tales are of three kinds: fairy-tales, animal tales and tales of everyday life. Best known are the fairy tales, perhaps originally connected with the primitive shamanistic beliefs of the Ural-Altaic peoples, attributing power over good and evil to the tribal priest-doctor. Their hero is either a prince or [простолюдин Иванушка Дурачок], who ultimately marries the princess. Fairy tales all centre on a dangerous quest during which the hero encounters the famous figures of peasant folklore, such as [баба Яга, которая живет в избушке а курьих ножках] and [Кощей Бессмертный] who can only be killed if the egg that contains his death can be discovered.

Animal tales, probably connected once to animistic beliefs, describe comic encounters between animals, who as in the Brei Rabbit stories, are given a distinguishing human characteristic. Thus, the most popular character [Лиса Патрикеевна] specializes in sweet words and flattery. [Михаил Потапович] though known for his strength as the “uprooter of trees” is slow and clumsy. Even more stupid is [Серый волк] who is constantly outwitted.

IV. Найдите в английском тексте транскрипции древнегреческих имен и определите их русские соответствия при переводе. Сопоставьте английский и русский варианты этих имен и прокомментируйте различия. Какие исторические комментарии могут понадобиться для понимания текста?

When Schliemann read Homer's description of the Gorgon shield of Agamemnon and was told that the buckler strap had been decorated with a figure of a three-headed snake, he accepted all this as gospel truth. The chariots, weapons, and household articles portrayed in detail by Homer were for him part and parcel of ancient Greece. Were all these heroes – Achilles and Patroclus, Hector and Eneas – and this pageant of friendship, hate, love, and high adventure, nothing but mere invention? Schliemann did not think so; to his mind such people and such scenes had actually existed. He was conscious that all Greek antiquity, including the great historians Herodotus and Thukidides, had accepted the Trojan War as an actual event, and its famous names as historical personages.