Read the text Family life and do the tasks

1. A `typical’ British family used to consist of mother, father and two children, but in recent years there have been many changes in family life. Some of these have been caused by new laws and others are the result of changes in society. For example, since the law made it easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has increased. In fact one marriage in every three now ends in divorce. This means that there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more tolerant that it used to be of unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents.

2. Another change has been caused by the fact that people are living longer nowadays, and many old people live alone following the death of their partners. As a result of these changes in the pattern of people’s lives there are many households, which consist of only one person or one person and children.

3. You might think marriage and the family are not so popular as they once were. However, the majority of divorced people marry again, and they sometimes take responsibility for a second family.

4. Members of a family - grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins – keep in touch, but they see less of each other than they used to. This is because people often move away from their home town to work, and so the family becomes scattered. Christmas is the traditional season for reunions. Although the family group is smaller nowadays than it used to be, relatives often travel many miles in order to spend the holiday together.

In general, each generation is keen to become independent of parents in establishing its own family unit, and that fact can lead to social as well as geographical differences within the family group.

5. There are about 10 million old-age pensioners in Britain, of whom about 750,000 cannot live entirely independently. The government gives financial help in the form of a pension but in the future it will be more and more difficult for the national economy to support the increasing number of elderly. At the present time, more that half of all old people are looked after at home. Many others live in Old People’s Homes, which may be private or state-owned.

6. Relationships within the family are different now. Parents treat their children more as equals that they used to, and children have more freedom to make their own decisions. The

Father is more involved with bringing up children, often because the mother goes out to work. Increased leisure facilities and more money mean that there are greater opportunities for the individual to take part in activities outside the home. Although the family holiday is still an important part of family life (usually taken in August, and often abroad) many children have holidays away from their parents, often with a school party or other organized group.

Match the passages of the text and the titles. One title is extra.

A. The individual and the family.

b. Who looks after the older generation?

c. To live long means…..

d. Why not to marry once more?

e. Low and family.

f. A small family.

g. Family life changes nowadays.

2. Напишите рассказ о своей семье, используя разнообразные слова и выражения из прочитанных текстов. Рассказ в количестве 10 предложений оценивается в 3 балла, 15- 4 балла, 16-20 -5 баллов

Занятия № 8, 9 Практика в диалогической и монологической речи по теме.

Артикль. Активизация грамматического и лексического материала в заданиях и упражнениях

Задания для аудиторной работы

Грамматический комментарий

Articles.

В английском языке имена существительные имеют поясняющее слово - артикль. Артиклей два: неопределённый a (или an, если слово начинается с гласной) и определённый the. Неопределённый артикль произошёл от древнеанглийского слова "один", поэтому он может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе : a tree - дерево, an apple - яблоко. Неопределённый артикль в силу своего происхождения не может сочетаться с существительными во множественном числе или с неисчисляемыми существительными. Место неопределённого артикля остаётся в этом случае пустым. Это отсутствие артикля называется нулевым артиклем. Определённый артикль произошёл от древнеанглийского местоимения "этот" и может употребляться с самыми разными существительными без ограничения.

Артикли очень важны для установления взаимопонимания между говорящими. Говорящий употребляет артикли для того, чтобы собеседник его правильно понял. Неопределённый и нулевой артикль ставится перед исчисляемым существительным в единственном и множественном числе, когда возникает необходимость впервые назвать предмет или понятие, которые до этого в разговоре не затрагивались, например:

What did he give you? - A disk. Что он тебе дал? - Диск.

What did he tell you? - He asked me a question. Что он тебе сказал? - Он задал мне вопрос.

I saw a letter on the table. Я увидел (какое-то) письмо на столе.

I saw letters on the table. Я увидел (какие-то) письма на столе.

I saw snow in the fields. Я увидел снег в полях.

Определённый артикль показывает, что говорящий имеет в виду конкретный предмет или понятие, которые хорошо известны его собеседнику, например:

Ann, put kettle on the stove, please. Аня, поставь чайник на плиту, пожалуйста.

Артикли относятся непосредственно к существительному, но если у существительного есть определение, то артикли ставятся перед всеми определениями, например:

A cat/ a black cat/ a dirty black cat Кот/ чёрный кот/ грязный чёрный кот

The man/ the old man/ the fat old man Человек/ пожилой человек/ толстый пожилой человек

Если определением существительного является местоимение, то артикль не нужен:

The dictionary (Этот) словарь

My dictionary Мой словарь

Упражнения

1. Fill in a, an, the where necessary.

2. I'm looking for job.

3. He must go to bank to get some money.

4. Would you like apple?

5. He went to prison to visit his brother. I'm going away at end of this month.

6. Ann didn't go to work yesterday.

7. rich should pay more taxes.

8. We called doctor.

9. That's nice pair of jeans.

10. The metro is means of transport.

11. Can you hear music?

12. Many people are afraid of dogs.

13. I'd like to have piano.

14. French are famous for their food.

15. Sweden is in northern Europe.

16. Tower of London is popular tourist attraction.

17. They gave me information about flights.

18. What interesting news!

19. Alps extend over 1,000 kilometres.

20. coffee is expensive nowadays.

2.Fill in the where necessary.

1. He should go to bank today.

2. He finishes work at 6 o'clock every day.

3. He has gone to doctor.

4. He likes all kinds of modern music.

5. He's going to bed.

6. Very few people can speak Chinese.

7. Her children usually arrive home from school

at two o'clock.

8. Does he live a long way from city centre?

9. What time do you start in morning?

10. Would you like to go to museum today?

11. Would you like to go to Moscow university?

12. "Where's Ann?" "She's in library."

13. What are going to do when you leave school?

14. He is in hospital.

15. Do you ever go to church?

16. Can you tell me where post office is, please?

17. Many people enjoy Christmas.

18. Why is he in prison? He didn't do anything wrong.

19. There were a lot of people at station. 20. He has a bad tooth, so he's going to - dentist.

Тесты и задания для контроля