V. Retell the text

VI. Read and translate the following words and word combinations:

1) medication n.; necessary medications; list of medications; prescribed medications.

2) dry adj.; dry powder; dry substances; dry mixture; to add dry herbal blend.

3) state n.; in an unprepared state; in a good state; bad state of; in a state of powder; in a state of mixture.

4) subject to n.+prep; subject to be treated; subject to regular medical check-up; turn to the subject.

5) a die n.; rotary die machine; pellet-die; die separation.

IX. Read the text and fill in the gaps with words in brackets

gelatin;soft-shelled; glycerin; preservatives;encapsulation;capsule;hard-shelled;powdered;suspended;animal

Capsule

In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, 1)_____ refers to a range of dosage forms—techniques used to enclose medicines—in a relatively stable shell known as a2)_____, allowing them to, for example, be taken orally or be used as suppositories. The two main types of capsules are:

3)_____ capsules, which are typically made using 4)_____ and contain dry, 5)_____ ingredients. These are made in two halves: a lower-diameter "body" that is filled and then sealed using a higher-diameter "cap".

6)_____ capsules, primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or 7)_____in oil.

Both of these classes of capsules are made from aqueous solutions of gelling agents, such as 8)_____ protein (mainly gelatin) or plant polysaccharides or their derivatives (modified forms of starch and cellulose). Other ingredients can be added to the gelling agent solution including plasticizers such as 9)_____ or sorbitol to decrease the capsule's hardness, coloring agents, 10)_____, disintegrants, lubricants and surface treatment.

X. Make up a dialogue with you partner upon the topic “Modern medications”.

VI.

______________________________________________________

Topic: Shapes and sizes of tablets

_________________________________________________________

I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations. Translate them:

1. shape n. [ʃeɪp]

2. size n. [sʌɪz]

3. available adj. [əˈveɪləb(ə)l]

4. circular adj. [ˈsəːkjʊlə]

5. convex adj. [ˈkɒnvɛks]

6. rectangular adj. [rɛkˈtaŋɡjʊlə]

7. triangular adj. [trʌɪˈaŋɡjʊlə]

8. dimension n. [dɪˈmɛnʃ(ə)n]

9. to dissolve v. [dɪˈzɒlv]

10. coatn. [kəʊt]

11. deep adj. [diːp]

12. edge n. [ɛdʒ]

13.density n. [ˈdɛnsɪti]

14.tablet n. [ˈtablɪt]

15.pressure n. [ˈprɛʃə]

II. Read and translate the text: Shapes and sizes of tablets

The chemists always determine that a great variety of shapes and sizes is available among medical tablets. The most common shape of the tablet is a circular body with flat or slightly convex sides. There are also rectangular, triangular and many other shapes in the case of the speciality tablets.

The preliminary consideration in selection of particular shapes and sizes of the tablets is essentially ethical. These dimensions should be such that the tablets prepared have a pleasing appearance. Similarly, the use of a tablet is also an important consideration. A tablet meant for making solutions will be required to dissolve as quickly as possible and so it should be as thin as possible. This will require a larger diameter than average tablets of the same weight. Tablets which are to be dissolved slowly in the mouth should be flat for convenience of the user and thick enough to have a lasting effect on which the efficiency of the tablet will depend. Similarly, tablets which have to be coated after compression must have a deep convex shape and be harder than other tablets. It is more convenient as thin edges as practicable since it is easier to cover a thin edge during the coating process.

In addition to the above considerations there can also be important technical reasons which may influence the selection of particular dimensions of the tablets. It is often found that the preparation of deep convex tablets is difficult. The density and compression ratio are the important factors.

The tablet technologists say that different pressures may be required for the compression of different shapes of tablets. The different shapes of tablets (as flat-faced or convex-faced etc.) show a variation in physical properties even when compressed with similar unit area pressure. The flat-faced tablets show a relatively greater strength than the convex-shaped tablets.