IX. Match and complete the conversation between a pharmacist and a client. Practice the conversation in pairs.

Pharmacist	Client
Here is your package. Make sure you won’t mix this with the previous one.	1. Yes, you are right. I’ve got a prescription. Here it is.
What was the prescription exactly?	2. This is a good advice, these two packages are so alike. They just differ with colors of their cups.
We’ve had an appointment with you according to your anti-acne ointment	3. If so, will it help? …Thank you in advance!
What components did you ointment include?	4. I can’t even imagine. Should I phone to my health care provider?

X.

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Topic: Infusions

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I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations. Translate them:

1. constituent adj. [kənˈstɪtjʊənt]

2. extraction n. [ɪkˈstrakʃ(ə)n]

3. parent n. [ˈpɛːr(ə)nt]

4. crude adj. [kruːd]

5. volatile adj. [ˈvɒlətʌɪl]

6. spirit n. [ˈspɪrɪt]

7. tincture n. [ˈtɪŋ(k)tʃə]

8. sweet n. [swiːt]

9. medicinal adj. [mɪˈdɪsɪn(ə)l]

10. exigency n. [ˈɛksɪdʒ(ə)nsi]

11. detergent n. [dɪˈtəːdʒ(ə)nt]

12. convenient adj. [kənˈviːnɪənt]

13. alluring adj. [əˈl(j)ʊərɪŋ]

14. solvent n. [ˈsɒlv(ə)nt]

15. to disperse v. [disperse]

II. Read and translate the text:

Infusions

Fluid extracts. Plant drug constituents may be concentrated by extraction with alcohol or mixtures of alcohol and water. Such solutions are so constituted that 1 cc. of fluid extract represents 1 gram of the parent crude drug. Such highly concentrated solutions are administered in small dosage.

Spirits. These volatile substances-whether solid, liquid or gaseous-are dissolved in alcoholic or in hydro-alcoholic media, the resulting solution is known as spirit. Less concentrated than other liquids are the tinctures, introduced by Galen. These are alcoholic or hydro alcoholic extracts of nonvolatile drugs of plant or animal origin. Such solutions frequently represent (per volume) one-tenth mass of the parent drug.

The hydro-alcoholic, sweetened solutions of medical substances taste pleasant and are usually stable for long periods. Of special interest is the I so-alcoholic Elixir the alcohol content of which may be varied by the pharmacist to suit the exigencies of the prescription at hand. Bitter substances like barbital may be conveniently dissolved in Aromatic Elixir, which supplies at once an alcoholic medium and a pleasant flavor. Some elixirs are colored in alluring shades.

Infusions. The teas used chiefly by country grandmothers, who extract the constituents of plant product with boiling water. These substances tend to deteriorate in strength.

Aromatic Waters. Most aromatic waters are used simply as pleasant-tasting solvents for drugs; a few may have a medicinal action (e.g., peppermint water). They are solutions of slightly soluble volatile substances in distilled water.

Emulsions. Mixture of two or more liquids in which one is dispersed in the other as microscopic or ultramicroscopic droplets.

Emulsions are stabilized by agents (emulsifiers) that (e.g., in the case of soap or detergent molecules) form films at the droplets surface or (e.g., in the case of colloidal carbon, bentonite clay, proteins, or carbohydrate polymers) impart mechanical stability. Less-stable emulsions eventually separate spontaneously into two liquid layers; more-stable ones can be destroyed by inactivating the emulsifier, by freezing, or by heating. Polymerization reactions are often carried out in emulsions.