VIII. Find the synonyms from the text extract to the words below

Do/make; both; situation; common; recommendations; to be included; qualitative; amount; residue; components.

IX. Choose your partner and make up a dialogue upon the topic “Choosing an ointment” using the following words, word-combinations and grammar structures:

Vocabulary: Ointment; containing; liquid paraffin; protecting; relieving pain; irritation; similar medication; to wash hands; to remove the cap from the tube; to hold the tube upside down; to repeat the process; to remove the cap on the tube.

Grammar: I wish I had such beautiful eye lashes that you do; I wish I didn’t use this mascara; I wish I were somewhere else, not at an ophthalmologist’s; I wish I didn’t have such an awful pain!

IX.

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Topic: Filling of ampoules

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I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations. Translate them:

1. parenteral adj. [pəˈrɛnt(ə)r(ə)l]

2. to dispense v. [dɪˈspɛns]

3. fine adj. [fʌɪn]

4. potency n. [ˈpəʊtnsi]

5. pyrogen n. [ˈpʌɪrədʒ(ə)n]

6. stopper n. [ˈstɒpə]

7. to evaporate v. [ɪˈvapəreɪt]

8. laborious adj. [ləˈbɔːrɪəs]

9. to remove v. [rɪˈmuːv]

10. tray n. [tray]

11. to convey v. [kənˈveɪ]

12. hood n. [hʊd]

13. ultraviolet adj. [ʌltrəˈvʌɪələt]

14. dryness n. [ˈdrʌɪnəs]

15. subject n. [ˈsʌbdʒɛkt]

II. Read and translate the text: Filling of ampoules

For parenteral use the dry sodium salt of penicillin is dispensed in ampoules usually in amounts of 100.000 or 200.000 units which are prepared in one of two ways.

A concentrated aqueous solution of sodium penicillin is dried in bulk from the frozen state. The dry material is reduced to a fine powder which is subjected to the usual routine tests (potency, toxicity, pyrogen content, sterility, moisture content). The desired amount is then measured into the ampoules by hand or automatic machines. After filling the ampoules are closed with sterilized rubber caps or stoppers and then removed from the sterile area for receiving metal covers.

The concentrated solution of penicillin is put into the ampoules in the desired amounts, generally by using an automatic filling machine which discharges measured (1-2 ml) amounts, frozen in them and evaporated to dryness in the frozen state.

The method of drying the aqueous solution of penicillin salts in the final containers is practiced more commonly in the large penicillin plants than the method of weighing the bulk dried salts into each individual ampoule, but the latter, though more laborious and time-consuming, has given equally good results with regard to sterility and keeping power.

The ampoules are first washed with ordinary water and then with pyrogen-free distilled water. They are sterilized in sterilizers provided with two doors at opposite ends. One leads into the non-sterile area for charging the sterilizers with washed, nonsterile ampoules, and the other leads into the sterile area for removing the ampoules after sterilization. After cooling the trays are conveyed to the automatic filling machines. Filling is carried out in a small air-conditioned room under a hood, provided with ultraviolet lamps. All parts of the filling machine which come in contact with the penicillin solution are daily dismantled, cleaned, and sterilized. Immediately after filling the metal lid is replaced.

For drying the penicillin solutions in ampoules these are conveyed on the trays on which they have been filled. First to the chambers and then to the drying plant. During the first part of the evaporation the temperature in ampoules is about -20 C and this slowly rises to room temperature as the evaporation process is completed. After the completion of the freeze-drying process the ampoules are stoppered with vacuum-dried sterile rubber stoppers in an air-conditioned sterile room.