1. Passive – Use

We only use the passive when we are interested in the object or when we do not know who caused the action.

Example: Appointments are required in such cases.

2. Passive – Form

to be + past participle

How to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given:

• object of the active sentence becomes subject in the passive sentence

• subject of the active sentence becomes object in the passive sentence" (or is left out)

We can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when there is an object in the active sentence.

We can only form a passive sentence with the help of transitive verbs.

Transitive verbs are those that can produce an question to an object (Who/Whom?; What?)

I see/open/discover/know/understand/build etc.

I see a man – A man is seen by me;

I know a story – A story is known by me;

He discovered a new world – A new world was discovered by him.

All objects (man, story, world) were turned into subjects.

Intransitive verbs, such as “to smile, to behave” cannot create passive constructions, because we can’t ask a question to an object from these verbs. So, we don’t have an object, that’s why we have nothing to change into a subject.

I. Translate the following verb forms and prepositions into your native language and turn them from Passive into Active voice.

To be made by, to be produced from, to be called, to be composed of, to be found in, to be consumed by, to be absorbed into, to be supplied by, to be transported from…to, to be used by, to be regulated by, to be guarded by, to be controlled by.

II. Answer the questions about Passive voice and its formation:

1. How is the Passive voice formed?

2. Name the changeable part in the structure “to be+Participle II”.

3. What is the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs?

4. What role does the preposition “by” play in the formation of Passive voice?

5. What case of nouns should we use after preposition “by”: Nominative or Objective one?

III. Put the verbs in the parenthesis into the correct tense in Passive voice.

1. The patient of a “Healthy way of life” centre (to be recommended) 135 grams of carbohydrates a day.

2. I (to be told) a couple of hours ago that one gram of carbohydrates equals about 4 calories.

3. My sister (to be consulted) by her family doctor and knew that carbohydrates provide fuel for central nervous system.

4. Don’t eat this food. I heard how you (to be being required) by your mother not to do that!

5. Eat more grain and fruits. They (to be known) to be good substitution for candies and sweet beverages.

IV. Choose correct verbs usage in the sentences paying special attention on the Passive voice.

1. Carbohydrates classify/are classified as simple or complex.

2. The difference between the two forms is the chemical structure and how quickly the sugar absorbs/is absorbed and digest/digested.

3. Generally speaking, simple carbs digests/are digested and absorb/absorbed more quickly and easily than complex carbs.

4. Simple carbohydrates contain/are contained just one or two sugars, such as fructose (find/found in fruits) and galactose (find/found in milk products).

5. These single sugarscall/ are called monosaccharides.

6. Carbs with two sugars — such as sucrose (table sugar), lactose (from dairy) and maltose (find/found in beer and some vegetables) — call/are called disaccharides.

7. Simple carbs are also in candy, soda and syrups. However, these foods make/are made with processed and refined sugars and do not have vitamins, minerals or fiber.

8. They call/ are called "empty calories" and can lead to weight gain.

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