Answer key

1 – C

11 – E

21 – B

31 – A

41 – B

2 – B

12 – B

22 – C

32 – C

42 – C

3 – A

13 – E

23 – A

33 – B

43 – A

4 – C

14 – A

24 – B

34 – A

44 – B

5 – D

15 - A

25 - C

35 - A

45 - D

6 – A

16 – B

26 – B

36 – C

46 – C

7 – E

17 – D

27 - C

37 – B

47 – B

8 – D

18 – A

28 – E

38 – A

48 – B

9 – B

19 – E

29 – B

39 – E

49 – B

10 - D

20 - C

30 - B

40 - D

50 - A

Medical term

Transcription

Definition

1. Amino acids

chain n

[tʃein]

A series of linked metal rings used for fastening or securing something, or for pulling loads.

protein n

[‘protein]

Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, etc.

acid n

[‘æsid]

A substance with particular chemical properties including turning litmus red, neutralizing alkalis, and dissolving some metals; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind. Often contrasted with alkali and base.

sequence n

[‘sikwens]

A particular order in which related things follow each other.

to incorporate v

[in’kɔ:p(ə)rit]

Take in or contain (something) as part of a whole.

compounds n

[kəm’paunds]

A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements.

nutrition n

[nu’triʃn]

The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.

supplement n

[‘sʌplimənt]

A thing added to something else in order to complete or enhance it.

fertilizer n

[‘fɜ:tilaizə]

A chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility.

unbranched adj

[ʌn’brantʃt]

Not having or divided into branches.

to involve v

[in’vɒlv]

Have or include (something) as a necessary or integral part or result.

to convert v

[kən’vɜ:t]

Change the form, character, or function of something.

to feed v

[fi:d]

Give food to.

requirement n

[ri’kwaiəmənt]

A thing that is needed or wanted.

2. Carbohydrates

carbohydrate n

[ka:bəu’haidreit]

Any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.

to capture v

[‘kæptʃə]

Take into one’s possession or under control.

glucose n

[‘glu:kəus]

A simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

fructose n

[‘fru:ktəus]

A sugar of the hexose class found especially in honey and fruit.

fiber n

[‘faibə]

A thread or filament from which a vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile is formed.

blood n

[blʌd]

The red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body.

stream n

[stri:m]

A continuous flow of liquid, air, or gas.

to absorb

[əb’zɔ:b]

Take in or soak up (energy or a liquid or other substance) by chemical or physical action.

intestine n

[in’testin]

(In vertebrates) the lower part of the alimentary canal from the end of the stomach to the anus

hydrogen n

[‘haidrədʒən]

A colourless, odourless, highly flammable gas, the chemical element of atomic number 1.(Symbol: H)

to supply v

[sə’plai]

Make (something needed or wanted) available to someone; provide.

starch n

[sta:tʃ]

An odourless, tasteless white substance occurring widely in plant tissue and obtained chieflyfrom cereals and potatoes. It is a polysaccharide which functions as a carbohydrate store and is an important constituent of the human diet.

tissue n

[‘tiʃju:]

Any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting ofspecialized cells and their products.

3. Herbal medicine

seedn.

[si:d]

The unit of reproduction of a flowering plant, capable of developing into another such plant.

berry n.

[‘beri]

A small roundish juicy fruit without a stone.

root n.

[ru:t]

The part of a plant which attaches it to the ground or to a support, typically underground, conveying water and nourishment to the rest of the plant via numerous branches and fibres.

leaf n.

[li:f]

A flattened structure of a higher plant, typically green and blade-like, that is attached to a stem directly or via a stalk. 

bark n.

[ba:k]

The tough protective outer sheath of the trunk, branches, and twigs of a tree or woody shrub.

conventional medicine adj+n.

[kən’venʃ(ə)n(ə)l ‘meds(ə)n]

Based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed.

purpose n.

[‘pɜ:pəs]

The reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.

dandelion n.

[‘dændilaiən]

A widely distributed weed of the daisy family, with a rosette of leaves and large bright yellow flowers followed by globular heads of seeds with downy tufts.

bud n.

[bʌd]

A compact knob-like growth on a plant which develops into a leaf, flower, or shoot.

petal n.

[‘petl]

Each of the segments of the corolla of a flower, which are modified leaves and are typicallycoloured.

edible adj.

[‘edəbl]

Fit to be eaten (often used to contrast with unpalatable or poisonous varieties).

burdock n.

[‘bɜ:dɒk]

A large herbaceous Old World plant of the daisy family. The hook-bearing flowers becomewoody burrs after fertilization and cling to animals' coats to aid seed dispersal.

chamomile n.

[‘kæməmail]

An aromatic European plant of the daisy family, with white and yellow daisy-like flowers.

tincture n.

[‘tinktʃə]

A medicine made by dissolving a drug in alcohol.

to infuse v.

[in’fju:z]

Fill; pervade.

4. Solutions

solution n.

[səˈluːʃ(ə)n]

A liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)

homogeneous adj.

[həˈmɒdʒɪniəs]

Of the same kind; alike

substance n.

[ ˈsʌbst(ə)ns]

A particular kind of matter with uniform properties:

solvent n.

[ˈsɒlv(ə)nt]

The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.

Solute n.

[sɒˈljuːt]

The minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.

To dissolve v.

[ dɪˈzɒlv]

Become; or cause to become incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution:

heterogeneous adj.

[ ˌhɛt(ə)rə(ʊ)ˈdʒiːnɪəs]

Diverse in character or content:

density n.

[ˈdɛnsɪti]

The degree of compactness of a substance:

lump n.

[lʌmp]

A compact mass of a substance, especially one without a definite or regular shape:

to stir v.

[stəː]

Move a spoon or other implement round and round in (a liquid or other substance) in order to mix it thoroughly:

motion n.

[məʊʃ(ə)n]

The action or process of moving or being moved:

to encounter v.

[ ɪnˈkaʊntə]

Unexpectedly be faced with or experience (something hostile or difficult):

alloy n.

[ ˈalɔɪ]

A metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion:

molecule n.

[ ˈmɒlɪkjuːl]

A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.

Soluble adj.

[ˈsɒljʊb(ə)l]

able to be dissolved, especially in water

5. Preparation of tablets

medication n.

[mɛdɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n]

A drug or other form of medicine that is used to treat or prevent disease:

dry adj.

[drʌɪ]

Free from moisture or liquid; not wet or moist:

state n.

[steɪt]

The particular condition that someone or something is in at a specific time:

purely adj.

[ˈpjʊəli]

Entirely; exclusively:

a subject to smth. N.

[ˈsʌbdʒɛkt]

Dependent or conditional upon

a die n.

[dʌɪ]

A device for cutting or moulding metal into a particular shape.

Disintegration n.

[dɪsˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n]

The process of coming to pieces.

sodium n.

[ˈsəʊdɪəm]

The chemical element of atomic number 11, a soft silver-white reactive metal of the alkali-metalgroup.(Symbol: Na).

preparation n.

[ˌprɛpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n]

The action or process of preparing or being prepared for use or consideration.

moisture adj.

[ˈmɔɪstʃə]

Water or other liquid diffused in a small quantity as vapour, within a solid, or condensed on a surface.

to dissolve v.

[dɪˈzɒlv]

become or cause to become incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution.

lubricant n.

[ˈluːbrɪk(ə)nt]

A substance used for lubricating an engine or component, such as oil or grease.

chemist n.

[ˈkɛmɪst]

A shop where medicinal drugs are dispensed and sold, and in which toiletries and other medical goods can be purchased.

powder n.

[ˈpaʊdə]

Fine, dry particles produced by the grinding, crushing, or disintegration of a solid substance.

6. Shapes and sizes of tablets

shape n.

[ʃeɪp]

The external form, contours, or outline of someone or something.

available adj.

[əˈveɪləb(ə)l]

Able to be used or obtained; at someone’s disposal.

circular adj.

[ˈsəːkjʊlə]

Having the form of a circle.

convex adj.

[ˈkɒnvɛks]

Having an outline or surface curved like the exterior of acircle or sphere.

rectangular adj.

[rɛkˈtaŋɡjʊlə]

Denoting or shaped like a rectangle.

triangular adj.

[trʌɪˈaŋɡjʊlə]

Denoting or shaped like a triangle.

dimension n.

[dɪˈmɛnʃ(ə)n]

A measurable extent of a particular kind, such as length, breadth, depth, or height.

coat n.

[kəʊt]

An outer layer or covering.

deep adj.

[diːp]

Extending far down from the top or surface.

edge n.

[ɛdʒ]

The outside limit of an object, area, or surface.

tablet n.

[ˈtablɪt]

A small disc or cylinder of a compressed solid substance, typically a measured amount of a medicine or drug.

pressure n.

[ˈprɛʃə]

Continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it.

size n.

[sʌɪz]

The relative extent of something; a thing’s overall dimensions or magnitude; how big something is.

7. Ointments

ointment n.

[ˈɔɪntm(ə)nt]

A smooth oily substance that is rubbed on the skin for medicinal purposes or as a cosmetic.

to intend v.

[ɪnˈtɛnd]

Have (a course of action) as one’s purpose or intention; plan.

semisolid n.

[sɛmɪˈsɒlɪd]

Highly viscous; slightly thicker than semi-fluid.

to apply v.

[əˈplʌɪ]

Put or spread (a substance) on a surface.

petroleum n.

[pɪˈtrəʊlɪəm]

A liquid mixture of hydrocarbons which is present in suitable rock strata and can be extractedand refined to produce fuels including petrol, paraffin, and diesel oil; oil.

topical adj.

[ˈtɒpɪk(ə)l]

of immediate relevance, interest, or importance owing to its relation to currentevents

differently adv.

[ˈdɪf(ə)r(ə)ntli]

In a way that is not the same as another or as before.

absorption n.

[əbˈzɔːbʃ(ə)n]

The process by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.

waxy adj.

[ˈwaksi]

Resembling wax in consistency or appearance.

stoneware n.

[ˈstəʊnwɛː]

A type of pottery .

porcelain n.

[ˈpɔːs(ə)lɪn]

A white vitrified translucent ceramic; china.

jar n.

[dʒɑː]

A wide-mouthed cylindrical container made of glass or pottery, especially one used for storing food.

collapsible adj.

[kəˈlapsɪb(ə)l]

able to be folded into a small space.

maintenance n.

[meɪnt(ə)nəns]

The process of preserving a condition or situation or the state of being preserved.

waste adj.

[weɪst]

Use or expend carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose.

8. Preparation of ointments

aqueous adj.

[ˈeɪkwɪəs]

Of or containing water.

to adhere v.

[ədˈhɪə]

Stick fast to (a surface or substance).

beaker n.

[ˈbiːkə]

A tall drinking container, typically made of plastic, with straight sides and no handle.

tile n.

[tile]

A thin rectangular slab of baked clay or other material, used in overlapping rows for covering roofs.

pad n.

[pad]

A thick piece of soft material, typically used to protect or shape something, or to absorb liquid.

to excess v.

[ɪkˈsɛs]

An amount of something that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable; The action of exceeding a permitted or acceptable limit.

hotplate n.

[ˈhɒtpleɪt]

A flat heated surface (or a set of these), typically metal or ceramic, used for cooking food or keeping it hot.

to liquefy v.

[ˈlɪkwɪfʌɪ]

Make or become liquid.

evaporation n.

[ɪˌvapəˈreɪʃ(ə)n]

The process of turning from liquid into vapour.

premature adj.

[ˈprɛmətʃə]

Occurring or done before the usual or proper time; too early.

solidify v.

[səˈlɪdɪfʌɪ]

Make or become hard or solid.

to expose v.

[ɪkˈspəʊz]

Make (something) visible by uncovering it.

to enhance v.

[ɪnˈhɑːns]

Intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of.

to add v.

[ad]

Join (something) to something else so as to increase the size, number, or amount.

cool adj.

[kuːl]

Of or at a fairly low temperature.

9. Filling of ampoules

parenteral adj.

[pəˈrɛnt(ə)r(ə)l]

Administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and alimentary canal.

to dispense v.

[dɪˈspɛns]

Distribute or provide (a service or information) to a number of people.

fine adj.

[fʌɪn]

Very thin or narrow.

potency n.

[ˈpəʊtnsi]

The power of something to affect the mind or body.

pyrogen n.

[ˈpʌɪrədʒ(ə)n]

A substance, typically produced by a bacterium, which produces fever when introduced or released into the blood.

stopper n.

[ˈstɒpə]

A plug for sealing a hole, especially in the neck of a bottle or other container.

to evaporate v.

[ɪˈvapəreɪt]

Turn from liquid into vapour.

laborious adj.

[ləˈbɔːrɪəs]

Requiring considerable time and effort.

to remove v.

[rɪˈmuːv]

Take (something) away or off from the position occupied.

tray n.

[tray]

A flat, shallow container with a raised rim, typically used for carrying food and drink, or for holding small items or loose material.

to convey v.

[kənˈveɪ]

Transport or carry to a place.

hood n.

[hʊd]

 A folding waterproof cover of a car, pram, etc.

ultraviolet adj.

[ʌltrəˈvʌɪələt]

(Of electromagnetic radiation) having a wavelength shorter than that of the violet end of thevisible spectrum but longer than that of X-rays.

dryness n.

[ˈdrʌɪnəs]

Absence or lack of moisture or liquid.

10. Infusions

constituent adj.

[kənˈstɪtjʊənt]

Being a part of a whole.

extractionv.

[ɪkˈstrakʃ(ə)n]

The action of extracting something, especially using effort or force.

parent n.

[ˈpɛːr(ə)nt]

A person’s mother or father.

crude adj.

[kruːd]

In a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined.

volatile adj.

[ˈvɒlətʌɪl]

(Of a substance) easily evaporated at normal temperatures.

spirit n.

[ˈspɪrɪt]

A solution of volatile components extracted from something, typically by distillation or by solution in alcohol.

tincture n.

[ˈtɪŋ(k)tʃə]

A medicine made by dissolving a drug in alcohol.

medicinal adj.

[mɪˈdɪsɪn(ə)l]

a substance or plant having healing properties.

sweet n.

[swiːt]

Having the pleasant taste characteristic of sugar or honey; not salt, sour, or bitter.

to disperse v.

[disperse]

Distribute or spread over a wide area.

Exigency n.

[ˈɛksɪdʒ(ə)nsi]

An urgent need or demand.

detergent n.

[dɪˈtəːdʒ(ə)nt]

A water-soluble cleansing agent which combines with impurities and dirt to make them moresoluble, and differs from soap in not forming a scum with the salts in hard water.

convenient adj.

[kənˈviːnɪənt]

Fitting in well with a person’s needs, activities, and plans.

alluring adj.

[əˈl(j)ʊərɪŋ]

Powerfully and mysteriously attractive or fascinating; seductive.

11. Antibiotics

antifungal adj.

[antɪˈfʌŋɡ(ə)l]

Used to prevent fungal growth; active against fungi.

coin n.

[kɔɪn]

A flat disc or piece of metal with an official stamp, used as money.

dilution n.

[dʌɪˈluːʃn]

The action of making something weaker in force, content, or value.

quinolone n.

[ˈkwɪnələʊn]

An antibiotic derived from quinoline and used chiefly against Gram-negative organisms.

solely adj.

[solely]

Not involving anyone or anything else; only.

to denote v.

[dɪˈnəʊt]

Be a sign of; indicate.

To unite v.

[juːˈnʌɪt]

Come or bring together for a common purpose or action.

relatively adv.

[ˈrɛlətɪvli]

In relation, comparison, or proportion to something else.

causative adj.

[ˈkɔːzətɪv]

Acting as a cause.

to produce v.

[prəˈdjuːs]

Make or manufacture from components or raw materials.

origin n.

[ˈɒrɪdʒɪn]

The point or place where something begins, arises, or is derived.

fungi n.

[ˈfʌŋɡiː]

A group of unicellular, multicellular, or syncytial spore-producing organisms feeding onorganic matter, including moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.

term n.

[term]

A word or phrase used to describe a thing or to express a concept, especially in a particular kind of language or branch of study.

12. Vitamins

complexity n.

[kəmˈplɛksəti]

The state or quality of being intricate or complicated.

appropriate adj.

[əˈprəʊprɪət]

Suitable or proper in the circumstances.

maintenance n.

[ˈmeɪnt(ə)nəns]

The process of preserving a condition or situation or the state of being preserved.

nutritional adj.

[njuːˈtrɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l]

Relating to the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.

value n.

[ˈvaljuː]

The regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulnessof something.

carotene n.

[ˈkarətiːn]

An orange or red plant pigment found in carrots and many other plant structures. It is aterpenoid hydrocarbon with several isomers, of which one ( beta-carotene) is important in thediet as a precursor of vitamin A.

to stratify v.

[ˈstratɪfʌɪ]

Arrange or classify.

to cease v.

[siːs]

Come or bring to an end.

corneal adj.

[ˈkɔːnɪə]

The transparent layer forming the front of the eye.

wrinkle n.

[ˈrɪŋk(ə)l]

A slight line or fold in something, especially fabric or the skin of the face.

proliferate adj.

[prəˈlɪfəreɪt]

Increase rapidly in number; multiply.

yeast n.

[jiːst]

A microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and capable ofconverting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

mammalian adj.

[məˈmeɪlɪən]

Relating to or denoting a mammal.

indispensable adj.

[ɪndɪˈspɛnsəb(ə)l]

Absolutely necessary.

vitamin n.

[ˈvʌɪtəmɪn]

Any of a group of organic compounds which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body.

13. The common rules of taking drugs

dispensev.

[dɪˈspɛns]

make up and give out (medicine) according to a doctor’s prescription.

syrup n.

[ˈsɪrəp]

A thick, sweet liquid containing medicine or used as a drink.

tolerate adj.

[ˈtɒləreɪt]

Allowing the existence, occurrence, or practice of (something that one dislikes or disagrees with) without interference.

to irritate v.

[ˈɪrɪteɪt]

Make (someone) annoyed or a little angry.

triturate n.

[ˈtrɪtjʊrɪt]

Grind to a fine powder.

folded adj.

[fəʊld]

Bend (something flexible and relatively flat) over on itself so that one part of it covers another.

to slide v.

[slʌɪd]

Move smoothly along a surface while maintaining continuous contact with it.

chaser n.

[ˈtʃeɪsə]

A person or thing that follows someone or something.

beverage n.

[ˈbɛv(ə)rɪdʒ]

 a drink other than water.

to stir v.

[stəː]

Move a spoon or other implement round and round in (a liquid or other substance) in order to mix it thoroughly.

gelatin n.

[ˈdʒɛlətɪn]

A virtually colourless and tasteless water-soluble protein prepared from collagen and used in food preparation, in photographic processes, and in glue.

oblique adj.

[əˈbliːk]

Neither parallel nor at right angles to a specified or implied line; slanting.

to compress v.

[kəmˈprɛs]

Flatten by pressure; squeeze or press.