V. Translate the following words and word combinations into your native language.
Molecules containing an amine group; a carboxylic acid group; amino acids serve as the building blocks; important in nutrition; commonly used; join together; removal; in addition; human body; essential; converted into; must be obtained from.
VI. Read the text “Amino acids” again and write out adjectives that can characterize them properly.
VII. Choose the adjectives to be used together with the given nouns (one adjective with one noun)
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VIII. Retell the text.
IX. In small groups discuss the following questions and then share your group’s ideas with the class:
Why did you choose the profession of a pharmacist?
Is pharmacy a challenging career? Why?
Is it easy to find a position of a pharmacist?
II.
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Topic:Carbohydrates
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I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations. Translate them:
1. carbohydraten [ka:bəu’haidreit]
2.to capture v[‘kæptʃə]
3. glucosen[‘glu:kəus]
4. fructosen[‘fru:ktəus]
5. fibern[‘faibə]
6. bloodn[blʌd]
7. streamn[stri:m]
8. to absorb [əb’zɔ:b]
9. intestinen[in’testin]
10. hydrogenn[‘haidrədʒən]
11. to supply v[sə’plai]
12. tissuen[‘tiʃju:]
13.starchn[sta:tʃ]
14. circumstancesn[‘sɜ:kəmstensiz]
15. monosacchariden[ma:nəu’sækəraid]
II. Read the text:
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates in our foods are made by green plants. Leaves capture the sun’s heat and light in special areas of their cells and transform this to chemical energy. This energy then produces glucose from the carbon dioxide the leaves take from the air and the water the roots bring up from the soil. This complex process is called photosynthesis.
As the name suggests, most carbohydrates molecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Simple forms of carbohydrates are called sugars, while larger, more complex forms are called either starches or dietary fibers. Monosaccharides are single sugar forms. Glucose is the major monosaccharide found in the body. Glucose is also known as dextrose or blood sugar, since it is the major sugar in the blood stream. Fructose-also called laevulose or fruit sugar – is another common sugar. After it is consumed, fructose is absorbed by the small intestine and then transported to the liver.
The main function of glucose is to supply energy for the body. Certain tissues in the body, such as red blood cells, can use only glucose and other simple carbohydrate forms for energy. Most parts of the brain also derive energy only from simple carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates can also fuel muscle cells and other body cells, but many of these also use fat for energy needs. Under normal circumstances, a person’s blood glucose level is regulated within a very narrow range. If blood glucose rises too high, the condition is called hyperglycemia (hyper- means high and -emia means in the bloodstream).
The liver is the first organ to screen the absorbed sugars. One of its roles is to guard against excess glucose entering the bloodstream after a meal. The pancreas works with the liver to control glucose levels.
