The formation and use of the Passive Voice in English.!!!

The Passive Voice is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the required form and Participle II of the notional verb. AM IS ARE | WAS WERE | WILL SHALL + ED

1. The Present, Past and Future Indefinite Passive are formed by means of the Present, Past and Future Indefinite of the aux­iliary verb to be and Participle II of the notional verb.

(b) The Present, Past and Future Perfect Passive are formed by means of the Present, Past and Future Perfect of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the notional verb.

(c) The Present Continuous and the Past Continuous Passive are formed by means of the Present Continuous and the Past Con­tinuous of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the notional verb.

The use of the Passive Voice.

The Passive Voice can be used:

• without the doer of the action being mentioned (the usual case). In this case the doer is either unknown or unimportant. Без згадування виконача дії. У цьому випадку виконавець невідомий.

In silence the soup was finished — excellent, if a little thick; and fish was brought. In silence it was handed. (Galsworthy) Tom Tusher was sent off early, however, to a school in Lon­don. (Thackeray)

• with the doer of the action being mentioned. This occurs only when the doer of the action is to some extent emphasized. Виконавць дій згадується. Це відбувається тоді коли виконавець в якійсь мірі наголошений.

• The noun or pronoun denoting the doer of the action is intro­duced by the preposition by. Іменник або займенник, що позначає діяча дії вводиться прийменником by.

They were thus introduced by Holly.(Galsworthy)  This room was dimly lighted from the ceiling by a single elec­tric lamp. (Bennett)