49. The Composite sentence. Nominal clauses.!!!!!!!1

Composite sentence is formed by two or more predicative groups. Being a polypredicative construction, it expresses a complicated thought reflecting two or more elementary situational events. він висловлює складну думку, яку відображатимуть дві або більше елементарні одномоментні події. Each predicative unit in a composite sentence makes up a clause in it that corresponds to a separate sentence as a part  of a contextual sequence.

• Composite sentence displays two principal types of the connection of clauses — subordination and coordination.

According to the traditional view, all composite sentences are to be classed into:

• compound sentences (coordinating their clauses),

• complex (subordinating their clauses).

A compound sentence is a sentence which consists of two or more clauses coordinated with each other. In a compound sentence the clauses may be connected:

1) syndetically, i.e. by means of coordinating conjunctions (and, or, else, but, etc.) or conjunctive adverbs (otherwise, however, nevertheless, yet, still, therefore, etc.)

E.g. The darkness was thinning, but the street was still dimly lighted.

2) asyndetically, i.e. without a conjunction or conjunctive adverb.

E.g.  The rain fell softly, the house was quiet.

The main semantic relations between the clauses connected coordinativety are copulative, adversative, disjunctive, casual, consequental, resultative.

A complex sentence is a polypredicative construction built up on the principle of subordination. Clauses in a complex sentence may be linked in two ways:

1) Syndetically, i.e. by means of subordinating conjunctions or connectives.

E.g.  more and more, she became convinced that some misfortune had overtaken Paul.

2) Asyndetically, i.e. without a conjunction or connective. E.g.  I wish you had come earlier.

A subordinate clause may follow, interrupt or precede the principal clause.

According to the grammatical function subordinate clauses can be divided into: subject, predicative, object and adverbial (of time, place, purpose, cause, condition, concession, result, manner, comparison)

A clause is a part of a sentence. There are two main types: independent (main clauses), dependent (subordinate clauses).

Dependent clauses can be nominal, adverbial or adjectival.

A nominal clause (noun clause) functions like a noun or noun phrase. It is a group of words containing a subject and a finite verb of its own and contains one of the following: that | if | whether. A nominal clause is a subordinate clause that functions as a noun phrase.

I wondered whether the homework was necessary.

Noun clauses answer questions like "who(m)?" or "what?"

I know that he is here. From where I stood, I saw the horse.

I like what I see. I know that the tide is turning. I've met the man who won the lottery.

(Not all agree this is a noun clause. See Note on the right.)

Like any noun, a noun clause can be a subject, an object, or a complement. In a sentence, a noun clause will be a dependent clause. In other words, a noun clause does not stand alone as a complete thought.

A person who trusts no one can't be trusted. (Jerome Blattner)

(This noun clause is the subject of the sentence.)

Ask your child what he wants for dinner only if he's buying. (Fran Lebowitz)