40. The Simple predicate.!!!!!

The simple verbal predicate дієслівний. The simple verbal predicate is expressed by:

1. A verb in a synthetic or analytical form. John runs quickly. I was sent in to get my tea. Perhaps you will even remember that woman. When did life begin on earth? I didn’t care about the consequence. Don’t come too late.

2. A verb phrase (a phraseological equivalent of a verb denoting one action). Here belong:

a) Phrases denoting single actions:

to have a look, to have a smoke, to have a talk, to give a look, to give a laugh, to give a cry, to take a look, to make a move, to make a remark, to pay a visit, etc.

They comprise a transitive verb and a deverbal noun with the indefinite article.

Nurse Sharp gave him a look and walked out. The man gave a violent start. Did you have a sleep? It’s time we were making a move.

b) Phrases denoting various kinds of actions. In most cases they comprise an abstract noun used with no article but often preceded by an attribute:

to change one's mind, to get rid (of), to get hold (of), to lose sight (of), to make fun (of), to make up one's mind, to make use (of), to take care (of), to take leave (of), to take part (in), etc. I have never taken much interest in German songs. She paid little heed to what was going on in the world outside. Are you taking part in the concert?

The simple nominal predicate іменний

The simple nominal predicate is expressed by a noun, or an adjective, or a verbal, it does not contain a link verb, as it shows the incompatibility of the idea expressed by the subject and that expressed by the predicate; thus in the meaning of the simple nominal predicate there is an implied negation. He a gentleman! Ну какой же он джентльмен!  You a bother! Never. Ты - зануда! Ну, что ты!  Fred, a priest! Чтобы Фред был священником!  Rondal, jealous! Рондел - ревнует! (Быть того не может!) 

Sentences with the simple nominal predicate are always exclamatory evidently owing to the implication of a negation or of an evaluation. The predicate is mostly commad off (separated by a comma), but a comma is not regarded as a strict rule.

The simple nominal predicate can be expressed by:

1. A noun. My son a clergyman! She, a nun! Me, a liar!

2. An adjective. My ideas obsolete! Ronnie, good-looking! You sad!

3. An infinitive or an infinitive phrase. Hercule Poirot to sleep while murder is committed! My boy insult a gentleman at my table!

4. Participle I or a participial phrase. She spying! Me trying to be funny!

40. The Compound predicate.

The compound predicate consists of two parts: the notional and the structural. The structural part comes first and is followed by the notional part. The notional part may be expressed by a noun, an adjective, a stative, an adverb, a verbal, a phrase, a predicative complex, or a clause. The structural part is expressed by a finite verb - a phasal verb, a modal verb, a verb expressing attitude,intention, planning, etc., or a link verb.                                 

The compound verbal predicate
The compound verbal phasal predicate The compound verbal phasal predicate denotes the beginning, duration, repetition or cessation of the action expressed by an infinitive or a gerund. It consists of a phasal verb and an infinitive or a gerund. Accordingly its first component may be a phasal verb of: 1.Beginning: to begin, to start, to commence, to set about, to take to, to fall to, to come. Jack started training out at Hogan’s health farm. So I took to going to the farm. 2. Duration:to go on, to keep, to proceed, to continue. The talk kept running on the possibility of a storm.  As we continued to laugh his surprise gave way to annoyance. 3. Repetition: would, used (denoting a repeated action in the past). Alfredo used to talk to me about it. During her small leisure hours she would sit by the window or walk in the fields. 4. Cessation:to stop, to finish, to cease, to give up, to leave off. The band had ceased playing. Give up smoking.	The compound verbal modal predicate It consists of a modal part and an infinitive (or a gerund). It shows whether the action expressed by an infinitive is looked upon as possible, impossible, obligatory, necessary, desirable, planned, certain, permissible, etc. In most cases it denotes the attitude to the action of the person expressed by the subject or by the speaker. The modal part may be expressed by: 1. A modal verb. You must forget it. He can’t say a word, he can’t even apologize. 2. A modal expression of nominal nature: to be able, to be allowed, to be willing, to be going, to be anxious, etc. You are going to attend the college at Harvard, they tell me.  Are you able to walk another two miles? З. Аn  attitudinal verb such as to like, to hate, to attempt, to expect, to hope, to intend, to mean, to plan, to try, to have a mind, to wish, to want followed by an infinitive.	The compound verbal predicate  of double orientation The compound verbal predicate of double orientation consists of 2 parts. The first part is a finite verb which denotes the attitude to, evaluation of, or comment on, the content of the sentence expressed by the speaker or somebody not mentioned in the sentence. The 2nd part denotes the action which is (was/will be) performed by the person/non-person expressed by the subject. The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to her —>It seemed (to the people) that the Gadfly had  taken a dislike to her. Philip Bosinney was known to be a young man without fortune —> They knew that Philip Bosinney  was a young man without fortune. He is said to be looking for a new job. (Говорят, что он ищет новую работу)

The compound nominal predicate

The compound nominal predicate proper consists of a link verb and a predicative (nominal part). The link verb is the structural element of the predicate, as it joins the subject and the predicative. It expresses the grammatical categories of person, number, tense, aspect and mood. Складний іменний присудок складається з дієслова зв'язки і предикату (номінальної частини). Дієслово-звязка є структурним елементом присудка, він поєднує підмет і предикат. Він виражає граматичні категорії особи, числа, часу, виду і настрою.

The predicative is the notional part of the compound nominal predicate. It characterizes the person or non-person expressed by the subject. Предикат це умовна частина складеного іменного присудка. Він характеризує людину або не-людину, виражену підметом.

The characterization may concern the following:

1. The properties of the person or non-person (the state or quality or quantity of it). The girl looked tired but pretty.

I felt sore for a minute.  But he is not always alone. The visibility seemed very good. He was forty and in his prime. We are seven.

2. The identity of the person or non-person, that is, what class of persons or things they belong to. This man is my father. Old Mr Clare was a clergyman. Miss Sedley’s papa was a man of some wealth. My wish is to learn many languages.