1 What are your favourite ways of keeping fit? What other ways of keeping fit are popular in your country?

2. What are the people in the pictures opposite doing? Read the three paragraphs and match them to one of the pictures.

Unusual ways of keeping fit

KORFBALL

A mixture between handball and basketball, korfball is a fast, exciting game. The main difference is that men and women play on the same team. It’s also great way to keep fit! The game began in the Netherlands about 100 years ago, and there are now korfball clubs in more than forty countries around the world.

There are eight players on each team – four male and four female – and each player tries to throw the ball (similar to a soccer ball) into the ‘goal’ which is a bit like a basket but bigger. You can’t touch your opponent, kick or run with the ball, and men can only attack against men and women can only defend against women. A game lasts for sixty minutes and the teams change ends after every two goals. ‘It’s a terrific sport and a great way to meet people,’ says Paul Dicks of the British Korfball Association.

TAI-CHI

Tai-chi is a Chinese martial art which goes back thousands of years. It is different from most forms of exercise in that it is very gentle. It consists of a series of slow movements which you must do very carefully and exactly. The big advantage is that you can do it anywhere, anytime, and you don’t need to be a member of a club or use any expensive equipment – all you need is a qualified teacher!

Tai – Chi fans say it is an excellent way of getting rid of stress. Early in the morning, you can see people doing the gentle movements of Tai- Chi parks all over China, and it is now common in the West, too. So what’s the secret of Tai-Chi? ‘Mind and body working together,’ says one enthusiast.

GAMING FOR FITNESS

Most people don’t see playing video games as a way of keeping fit. You sit on the floor, or on the sofa, you look at the screen… and the only part of your body that moves is your thumb. But that’s all changing… Thanks to a brand – new game from Japan called Dance Revolution gamers are now getting onto the exercise floor. In this case, the floor is a grid of nine squares. You put one foot in the centre and move your other foot in time to the dance music that gets faster and faster as you go through the levels. ‘Most gamers just want to go to a fantasy world when they play a video game, but why not have games which are physical as well?’ says one DDR fan. So, who knows? Perhaps the gamers in the future will be fit and healthy people – thanks to Dance Revolution.

Read the text and make a note of the following for each activity

• Where it began?

• When it began?

• Adjectives/ Phrases to descrive it

Here are some phrases from the texts. What do the words in bold refer to?

a It is also a great way to keep fit!

b It is a terrific sport and a great way to meet people…

c … it is very gentle.

d … it is an excellent way of getting rid of stress …

e …you can do it anywhere, anytime …

f …when they play a video game

Catching a Cold

Vocabulary  cure (n,v)- something that makes you well after being sick  literally (adv)- really, actually, exactly  virus (n)- very, very small --- that causes sickness  to get rid of (v)- to stop, to throw away  congestion (n)- stopped up (when your nose is congested you can't breathe)  miserable (adj)- very terrible feeling  fever (n)- heat in your head and body  remedy- (n) cure, something that makes you well  liquid (n)- wet and runny like water, milk  to get over (v)- to finish 

Many people catch a cold in the springtime and/ or fall. It makes us wonder... if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can't they find a cure for the common cold. The answer is easy. There are literally hundreds of kinds cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn't a cure for each one.

When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion with it. You feel terrible because you can't breathe well, but your body is actually "eating" the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting to your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold.

Different people have different remedies for colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot baths and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicines to stop the fever, congestion, and runny nose.

There is one interesting thing to note- some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn't have a way to fight it and kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a joke, however, on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this:

If takes about 1 week to get over a cold if you don't take medicine, but only 7 days to get over a cold if you take medicine.

Check Your Understanding

True or False

1. There is a cure for the common cold.

 True  False

2. There are 22 different cold viruses in the world.

 True  False

3. Heat in your body kills viruses.

 True  False

4. Congestion means your head feels hot.

 True  False

5. Some people eat chicken soup to feel better when they have a cold.

 True  False

6. Scientists always think taking medicine is good when you have a cold.

 True  False

7. Bodies work hard to try to get rid of viruses.

 True  False

Listen to the conversation and then answer the questions.

1. What's the matter with Steve? A. He has a cold. B. He has the flu. C. He has a stomachache.

2. How long has Steve been sick? A. since Friday B. since Saturday C. since Sunday

3. How often should Steve take the medicine the doctor prescribes? A. three times a day with meals B. four times a day before meals C. three times a day after meals

4. What does Carla suggest he do? A. take herbal medicine B. see another doctor C. eat chicken soup

5. What does Steve decide to do? A. talk to another friend B. listen to Carla's suggestion C. see the same doctor again

Key Vocabulary

• the flu (noun): informal for influenza, like a very bad cold with chills and fever  - Ashley came down with the flu, and she couldn't go to school for a week.

• stuffy (adjective): closed or blocked  - I have a really stuffy nose and can't breathe very well.

• be supposed to (verb): expected to do something - She was supposed to stay in bed and rest, but she went to work instead.

• seem (verb): appear  - My dad didn't seem very sick this morning, but he got worse during the rest of the day.

• stay off your feet (idiom): put into action - If you want to get better, you have to stay off your feet for a few days.

• get rid of (phrasal verb): do away with, eliminate  - Try my garlic soup. It' ll help get rid of  your bad stuffy nose.

• come on: said to encourage someone to do something - Come on! Call and make an appointment to see the doctor. You're not going to get better on your own.

Module 2 Unit 3

Maladies of the 21st Century

GRAMMAR

The Infinitive with to or that clause and without to, Infinitive of purpose, Infinitive constructions: Complex Object, Complex Subject

Form

The infinitive of a verb has two forms: the to-infinitive and the infinitive without to. The to-form consists of toplus the base form of the verb:

I want to speak to you.

We came here to work, not to play.

The form without to consists of the base form of the verb:

She made us wait for half an hour.

John lets the dog sleep on the sofa.

To-infinitive

We use the to-infinitive after a number of common main verbs. These include:

agree	demand	long	pretend
aim	fail	love	promise
arrange	forget	manage	propose
ask	hate	mean	refuse
begin	help	need	remember
choose	hope	offer	try
claim	intend	plan	want
continue	learn	prefer	wish
decide	like	prepare

We arranged to see the bank manager and applied for a loan.

Mrs Harding asked us to call in on our way home.

Did you remember to post the letter to your mother?

He just wants everyone to be happy.

Some of these verbs are also often followed by -ing.

We can use the to-infinitive in a clause with a verb that has no subject (a non-finite clause). The to-infinitive focuses on the idea of an action or the results of an action, rather than the action in itself:

To work in a developing country had always been her ambition.

To get there before lunch, you would have to take the seven o’clock train.