Either in short responses
Either can be used at the end of a negative sentence when you agree with something negative someone else has said. It is similar to meaning TOO and ALSO (which are used in affirmative sentences).
A: I wasn’t thirsty. B: I wasn’t either. (You cannot say “I wasn’t too”)
A: I’ve never been to Portugal. B: I haven’t either.
A: I didn’t go to class yesterday. B: I didn’t either
Both, Either, Neither Summary Chart
If we have two people or things in mind, we use neither, not...either or both; but if we have more than two, none, not...any or all. Neither, not...either and none are usually treated as singular words in a formal style; but as plurals, in an informal one. None of + a determiner + an uncountable noun is also possible:
None of this farming land belongs to them. Compare this with the following:
‘Which of this farming land belongs to them?’
‘None (of it).’
As regards all and not...any, we use a singular verb if they come before uncountable nouns; and a plural verb, before plural nouns.
For instance, all (of) the money is singular; but all (of) the geraniums, plural.
As for both, it always accompanies plural nouns, and it always takes plural verbs: Both (of) the bathing-caps are too big for him.
Examples:
Neither of them fleeced the old lady.
He didn’t sing either of the songs
None of these ballpoint pens work(s).
They didn’t buy any of the vases.
Both of them are swindlers.
All of them took the pedestrian crossing.
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Fill in the blanks as appropriate.
There were over ten boys, and __________ them were eating sunflower seeds. They loved them.
They showed me two strings of pearls, but I didn’t like __________ them.
They showed me five strings of pearls, but I didn’t like __________ them.
I have two children, and __________ them is working at present. They’re on the dole.
__________ my daughters are very clever. They always get top marks in everything. Her names are Fiona and Jessica. Fiona is two years older than Jessica.
There were two girls playing in the school playground. __________ them
were in high spirits.
__________ women like perfumes.
‘How many children have you got?’
‘Three boys. __________ them are very handsome.’
‘__________ beggars look shabby.’
‘Well, I don’t think __________ them look shabby.’
Someone has drunk __________ the wine.
We (= my husband and I) __________ kept our noses clean, but they
(= her husband and she) __________ got into trouble.
__________ us kept our noses clean, but __________ them got into trouble.
__________ Thomas __________ Philip never kept things back, so I wouldn’t tell them anything.
We (= all your friends) have __________ been striving hard to understand you all over these years, but we have found it very difficult, as you have never been very specific.
He told them (= Ursula, Tina and Tracey) __________ the story.
LISTENING
Listen and complete the text.
I’m a ______________________. I look at beautiful paintings and sculptures and wish I could be artistic. I can’t draw or paint ______________________ life. I wonder why some people are so talented and can create ______________________, when other people, like me, can’t even draw good ______________________. I would like to fill my house ______________________ all over the world. It’s interesting to see how different cultures have different ______________________. There’s nothing better than visiting ______________________ when you go to another country. I prefer more traditional art. I don’t really understand a lot of modern art. I look ______________________ of a pile of bricks in a museum but can’t see ______________________. I always laugh when my children say, “Daddy, I can do better than that!” ______________________ they can.
Answer the questions.
What kinds of art are mentioned in the text?
What is the speaker longing for?
What is the best way to know the art of another country?
READING
Pre-reading tasks
1. Try to explain what the following saying means: “Art is long, life is short”.
2. Answer the question: What kinds of Art do you know?
3. Read the text
Types of Arts
To suffice the term ‘art’ in a word, it is defined as ‘time’, simply because, it has been in existence for thousands of years and will always be there in the future. Right from primitive cave scrawling to the sophisticated and contemporary varieties, we have art present around us in different forms. It is infinite yet definitive, since it takes several forms to reveal its beauty. The power of art can easily be viewed in an individual’s creativity and imagination through its display. You can see artists using pastels, oil paints, pen and ink, pencils, collage, and acrylic paints to come up with impressive paintings, sculptures, drawings, ceramics, and prints. These are just a few styles of common art that we usually see in our daily life. Though this may not be an exhaustive list, we present you with some of the types of arts in the following lines. Take a look!