- •2 Курс усіх спеціальностей
- •Текст15 Mechanical Motion………………………………………….86
- •Текст 19 Shandon-Elliot Micro Spot Welder……………………….88
- •1. Read the text and learn why this young Ukrainian studies English. Why I study english
- •2.Write down 20 new words, translate them and learn by heart.
- •3. Ask questions to the following answers.
- •8 Tell why you study English and in what way it will be useful for you in future. Use the following expressions:
- •2.1 Політична система Великобританії
- •1. Maybe, you have heard that British parliament is very old. Read the text and learn about its start.
- •2 Read and say if the following is true or false. Give the right answer if necessary.
- •4. Do a back translation of the text. Then give a summary of the text in ten short sentences.
- •2.2 Визначні місця Великобританії Great Britain
- •1.Listen and read this text about Great Britain.
- •6. Listen and read this text about Wales.
- •7.Сomplete the chart.
- •8. Read and find out about the national emblem of Wales. The national emblem of Wales
- •9. Talk about the national emblem of Wales, mind the prepositions.
- •10. Listen and read this text about Scotland
- •11. Complete the chart.
- •12. Please, talk about the national emblem of Scotland. Why is Scotland's national emblem the thistle?
- •13. Read about two English towns and say what they are famous for.
- •14. Let's have a closer look at Cambridge and its university.
- •15. Could you please explain why Ann writes the following: "In my view Cambridge is a very pleasant city to live and study in"?
- •16. Listen and read more about Great Britain.
- •17. Please answer the questions.
- •18. You are going to visit England for a week. What are you planning to see?
- •19. Try to make a back translation, please
- •17. Please answer the questions.
- •18. You are going to visit England for a week. What are you planning to see?
- •19. Try to make a back translation, please
- •The people of the usa are proud of their democratic constitution. Read and learn more about it. The Constitution of the usa
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. We shall overcome
- •4. The United States of America (the usa)
- •5. Part II. America today
- •The life of youth in Great Britain
- •4. Decide whether the following statements about the text you have read are true or false.
- •5.1 Грошові одиниці
- •Money and payment system of the usa
- •5.2 Travelling
- •A Small Town
- •The London Underground
- •Read and translate the dialogue and the text. At the hotel reserving a room
- •4. Eight pounds4 tenpence а night5
- •Словотворення
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Розкрийте дужки, поставивши дієслово в потрібній формі:
- •II. Заповніть пропуски артиклями, де необхідно:
- •III. Заповніть пропуски прислівниками та прийменниками, де необхідно:
- •IV. Перекладіть|перекладіть,перекажіть| наступні|слідуючі| речення|речення|, звертаючи увагу на дієслова to say, to speak, to tell:
- •V. Передайте наступні|слідуючі| речення|речення| непрямою мовою|промові|:
- •III speech exercises
- •VII. Відтворіть діалог і перекажіть текст.
- •VIII. Складіть ситуації на основі наступних|слідуючих| речень:
- •X. Перекажіть наступну|слідуючу| розповідь|оповідання| і закінчіть її:
- •XI. Перекажіть наступний|слідуючий| текст:
- •XII. Складіть діалоги на| основі наступних|слідуючих| ситуацій:
- •XIII. Виконайте наступні|слідуючі| завдання|задавання|:
- •XIV. Зробіть повідомлення|сполучення| на наступні|слідуючі| теми:
- •To dispatch mail
- •Exercises
- •1.Transcribe the following words:
- •2.Give English equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Choose the right answer:
- •4 .Match a word from the right column with its definition from the left one
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Ask your fellow-students and let them answer:
- •7. Respond to the following sentences according to the pattern ,use the hints given in brackets.
- •8. What would you do (or say) if:
- •When would you say :
- •10.Make use of the following expressions of regret and sympathy:
- •I wish I could do something.
- •It can`t be helped.
- •11.Fill in prepositions and post-verbal adverbs where necessary.
- •Translate into English:
- •Think of all possible arguments for and against:
- •14.Describe the procedure of:
- •15. Translate Ukrainian sentences into English and reproduce the dialogues:
- •Role-play.
- •Letter writing
- •Dear Sirs,
- •8. Ділова зустріч
- •Making an appointment
- •A business talk
- •Commentary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Утворюйте іменники від наступних|слідуючих| дієслів за допомогою суфіксів: а) -ment, -tion; b) -er, -or:
- •III. Розкрийте дужки і поставте дієслово в потрібній формі:
- •V. Заповніть пропуски прийменниками|прийменниками|:
- •Vіі Поставте конструкцію it is або конструкцію there is/are у відповідній часовій | формі в наступних|слідуючих| реченнях:
- •VIII. Перекладіть|перекладіть,перекажіть| наступні|слідуючі| речення|речення|:
- •Ill speech exercises
- •IX. Розкажіть діалоги уроку.
- •X. Дайте грунтовні відповіді на запитання:
- •Xі. Згодьтеся або не згодьтеся з наступними твердженнями:
- •XII. Прослухайте и розкажіть наступний діалог. Передайте його непрямою мовою:
- •XIII. Складіть ситуації на основі наступних речень:
- •XIV. Перекажіть наступні тексти:
- •XV. Завершіть наступні ситуації:
- •XVII. Підготуйте повідомлення за наступними темами:
- •Text 1: english meals
- •Text 2: ukrainian cuisine
- •Text 3: at the canteen
- •Topical vocabulary:
- •Vegetables
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Find what word is extra and explain why:
- •3. Match the pairs of antonyms:
- •4. Name four or five kinds of:
- •5. Make up as many sentences as possible using the following table:
- •7. Disagree with the following statements using the phrases below:
- •I'm afraid you are wrong.
- •I don't think so.
- •8. Insert prepositions or post - verbal adverbs:
- •9. Ask your fellow students and let them answer the questions:
- •10. Ask your friend to repeat her (his) question, because you didn't hear
- •11. Complete the following sentences:
- •12. Read the dialogues, substitute the underlined words with the words given in the list:
- •13. Insert the missing parts of the dialogue:
- •14. Translate into English:
- •15. Read, translate the recipe of English tea and scones. Give more recipes of your favourite dishes:
- •16. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following proverbs and sayings. Make stories to illustrate some of them:
- •Henry cavendish and his discovery
- •Great scholar of the renaissance
- •Three states of matter
- •Electricity. Electrical engineering the nature of electricity
- •Electronics electron emission
- •A window into the invisible world
- •Evolution of the computer
- •I. Rend and memorize the following words and word-combinations: electronic computing machine -
- •II. Rend and translate the following text:
- •The Science of Mechanics
- •Fundamental Element of Mechanics
- •Mechanical Motion
- •C arburettor Engine- карбюраторний двигун
- •Fundamental Principles
- •A Diesel Engine
- •Shandon-Elliot Micro Spot Welder
- •Metals and non-metals
- •Transistor ultrasonic thickness gauge type 1103
- •Specifications
- •Додаток 1
- •Додаток 2 Основні грошові одиниці деяких країн
- •Література
Fundamental Principles
All theorems and equations in statics are deduced from a few fundamental principles, which, are accepted without mathematical roof, and are known as the principles, or axioms of statics. The principles of statics represent general formulations obtained as a result of a vast number of experiments with and observations of the equilibrium and motion of bodies and which, furthermore, have been consistently confirmed by actual experience. Some of these principles are corollaries of the fundamental laws of mechanics, which will be examined in the course of dynamics. 1st Principle. A free rigid body subjected to the action of two forces can be in equilibrium if, and only if, the two are equal in magnitude collinear, and opposite in direction.
The first principle defines the simplest balanced force system, since we know from experience that a free body subjected to the action of a single force cannot be in equilibrium.
2nd Principle. The action of a given force system on a rigid body remains unchanged if another balanced force system is added to, or subtracted from, the original system.
This principle establishes that two force systems differing from each other by a balanced system are equivalent. Corollary of the 1st and 2nd Principles. The point of application of a force acting on a rigid body can be transferred to any other point on line of action of the force without altering its effect. This is known as the principle of transmissibility.
3rd Principle (the Parallelogram law). Two forces applied at one point of a body have as their resultant a force applied at the same point and represented by the diagonal of a parallelogram constructed with the two given forces as its sides.
4th Principle. To any action of one material body on another there is always an equal and opposite reaction, or, reaction is always equal to action.
5th Principle. (Principle of Solidification). If a freely deformable body subjected to the action of a force system is in equilibrium, the state of equilibrium will not be disturbed if the body solidifies (becomes rigid).
TEXT 18
A Diesel Engine
A Diesel engine is a machine which produces power by burning oil in air which has been quickly compressed to a high pressure by a piston moving in a closed cylinder. The piston is at its lowest position, about to start upwards on its compression stroke. As it moves upwards it compresses the air above it into a smaller and smaller volume. If the final volume of the air is one twenty-fifth of its original volume, the engine is said to have a compression ratio of 25.
Now the piston is in its highest position. Here the air in the cylinder is highly compressed and is also very hot. (Have you not noticed how your bicycle-pump gets hot when you pump up your tyres?) At this stage of the cycle of operation oil is injected into the hot air. The oil ignites instantaneously...The heat of its combustion raises the temperature of the air still higher and so the pressure of the enclosed air is very much increased also.
The piston is therefore forced down again violently. This second stroke of the piston is called the working-stroke.
After reaching the bottom of its working-stroke the piston begins to rise again. Its purpose now is to sweep the products of combustion from the cylinder. So a valve is opened to let the spent gases escape to the exhaust pipe as the piston rises to the top of its third stroke.
The fourth stroke of the piston is downwards again. The exhaust valve is closed and an inlet valve is opened to allow fresh air to refill the cylinder. After four strokes, two up and two down, the cylinder is again in the condition we begin with. We say that it has completed its four-stroke cycle.
A Diesel engine usually has four cylinders which fire in turn. The four pistons are connected to a rotating crankshaft so that the working stroke of one piston is always available to drive the three simultaneously non-working-strokes of the other pistons. The remaining energy of the working-stroke is available for the external work the Diesel engine has to do.
TEXT 19