- •Contents
- •Введение
- •Модульная структура учебного пособия «basic english grammar course»
- •Module I
- •The verbs «to be», «to have»
- •The verb ‘to be’
- •Present Past Future
- •The functions of the verb ‘to be’
- •Exercises Exercise 1. Fill in ’m, ’s, ’re, ’m not, isn’t or aren’t, as in the example.
- •The verb ‘to have’ Present Past Future
- •The functions of the verb ‘to have’
- •Exercises
- •Tasks for self-control module I
- •Revision module I
- •Progress test module I
- •Module II
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Exercises
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Exercises
- •Tasks for self-control module II
- •Revision module II
- •Progress test module II
- •Module III
- •Imperatives. Types of questions
- •Imperative sentences
- •Exercises
- •Types of questions
- •Exercises
- •Tasks for selfcontrol module III
- •Revision module III
- •Progress test module III
- •Module IV the nouns the noun. Plural of nouns
- •Exercises
- •The possessive case of the noun
- •Exercises
- •Tasks for self-control module IV
- •Revision module IV
- •Progress test module IV
- •Module V the quantifiers the numerals
- •Cardinals
- •Ordinals
- •2. The cardinals
- •3. The ordinals
- •Exercises
- •Much, many, little, a little, few, a few
- •Exercises
- •Tasks for self-control module V Task 1. Insert few, little, a few, a little.
- •Task 2. Read and literally translate. Insert articles where necessary.
- •Revision module V
- •Progress test module V
- •Module VI the pronouns types of the pronouns
- •Possessive pronouns
- •Interrogative pronouns
- •Indefinite pronouns
- •Negative pronouns
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 2. Use the appropriate form of the possessive pronoun.
- •Exercise 5. Point out the reflexive pronouns and define their function.
- •Exercise 6. Supply some or any.
- •Exercise 7. Supply somebody or anybody, someone or anyone.
- •Exercise 8. Supply something or anything.
- •Tasks for self-control module VI Task 1. Point out the pronouns in the following sentences and define the class each belongs to.
- •Task 2. Point out conjunctive, relative, and interrogative pronouns.
- •Revision module VI
- •Progress test module VI
- •Module VII the adjectives and adverbs the adjectives. Degrees of comparison
- •3. Polysyllable adjectives.
- •IV. Spelling rules
- •Note 3: There is a group of so called limit adjectives which already have a very strong meaning:
- •Exercises
- •The adverbs
- •Farther - farthest
- •3. Adverbs or adjectives?
- •Exercises
- •Task for self-control Task 1. State the morphological composition of the following adjectives.
- •Task 2. Give the comparative and superlative degrees.
- •Task 3. Use the adjective in the comparative or superlative degree.
- •Task 4. Point out all the substantivised adjectives and state whether they are wholly or partially substantivised.
- •Task 5. State the morphological composition of the following adverbs.
- •Revision
- •Progress test module VII
- •Rating scale
- •Bibliography
Exercise 8. Supply something or anything.
1. The word Germans was ... to be frightened at. We did not want to have ... to do with the Germans. (Hemingway) 2. But I can’t do ... for him. (Galsworthy) 3. He was a rather small man, but there was ... naturally commanding about him. (Priestley) 4. Everyone said he could turn ... into money. (Saroyan) 5. I do not know what I expected to see, but I did not see ... except the fields and the bare mulberry trees and the rain falling. (Hemingway) 6. ... is wrong somewhere. (Hemingway) 7. She looked at me with violence, with ... like hate. (Snow) 8. The room was far more splendid than ... Little Dorrit had ever imagined, and would have been splendid and costly in someone’s eyes. (Dickens) 9. I can bear ... but that. (Galsworthy) 10. When he read those books ... happened to him. (Galsworthy) 11. It was ... he didn’t want to remember. (Cusack) 12. Even when she talks nonsense in that slightly affected way she seems to be saying … valuable. (Aldington)
Exercise 9. Supply self-pronouns where possible.
1. We enjoyed ... at the dance. 2. She had made ... very unpopular. 3. Why is she sitting all by ... in the dark? 4. Jessica looked at ... in the long mirror. 5. I liked having lodgings of my own, where I could be by … . 6. I closed the door behind ... .7. Every man is important to ... at one time or another. 8. All day the children were beside ... from excitement. 9. The young leaves unfolded to their utmost and the fields generously spread ... on either hand. 10. He was amiability ... . 11. I found ... doing nearly all the talking. 12. I ... married early, and nothing good came of it.
Exercise 10. Use one of the demonstrative pronouns.
1. ... is a cooking apple, ... an eating one. 2. She gave the ... answer as before. 3. My services, ... as they are, are at your disposal. 4. What do you want me to do with ... ? 5. His mental level at the time of his death was ... of a four-year-old child. 6. He dined there only on Sundays, and not every Sunday at ... . 7. Do you see ... bushes on the other side of the river? 8. Well, ...’s exactly what I did. 9. Don’t be in ... a hurry. 10. He continued to frequent the ... cafe as when he had stayed at the hotel. 11. I believe you but there are ... who wouldn’t. 12. … is what I thought last year. 13.... is life. 14. I can’t find all the books you asked me for. I put ... I found on your desk. 15. … is what I want you to do. 16. I have divided the books into two piles. ... are to be kept. ... are to be sold. 17. I have had ... a busy morning. 18. My seat was next to ... of John’s mother. 19. He can’t be more than three or four years older than you, if ... . 20. «One can’t compare Chopin’s waltzes with ... of today», she said.
Exercise 11. Supply some, any or no.
1. If you have ... news, call me back. 2. She helped me borrow ... more money. 3. There is hardly ... place in this house where we can talk alone. 4. ... boy at the school had ever taken a scholarship to the university. 5. It meant real hardship to my mother unless I earned ... money at once. 6. My mother hoped that perhaps the school had ... funds to give me a grant. 7. It was unlikely that ... of the guests would take particular notice of it. 8. They understood each other without ... words. 9. «Let’s go back home. It’s already late». – «I’d rather stay out a little longer». – «I suppose we’ve got to go home ... time». 10. There isn’t ... boot-polish in this tin. 11. You have ... fine flowers in your garden. 12. Go and ask him for ... more paper. I haven’t ... in my desk. 13. Later we had ... tea. 14. He wants ... more pudding. You can take it away. 15. There are ... matches left. We must buy ... . 16. I wouldn’t go to his concert. He is ... pianist. 17. ... time ago I read his story in a magazine. 18. I don’t think there is ... milk left in the jug. 19. … student can answer the question.
Exercise 12. Supply one of the compounds with some-, any- or no-.
l. At the party you’ll see ... you haven’t met yet. 2. Will there be ... at the club so early? 3. I’m not going to see him because I have ... important to report. 4. I was late. I found ... in the house. 5. I am expecting ... at twelve o’clock. 6. I think there’s ... wrong with my watch. 7. Is there ... at home? 8. The doorbell rang but there was ... there. 9. I know ... at all. 10. Otherwise there was hardly ... to occupy him. 11. «Why don’t they do ... about Annie?» 12. Mr Scot cried out … hearing that his friend had got promoted. 13. … can become a member of the club by paying a subscription. 14. When we get there it may be too late to do ... . 15. ... has been here before us. 16. «Why don’t you say ... ?» he demanded. 17. In the winter he lived without doing ... . 18. He wondered if he would ever again share ...’s emotion. 19. This is my affair and ... else’s. 20. Sometimes he would sit silent and abstracted, taking no notice of ... . 21. … is better than ... in a situation like this. 22. Can’t you do ... by yourself now? 23. I took care to ask him ... about his own doings. 24. Will you bring ... with you or will you come alone? 25. … has any right to interfere in this matter. 26. If ... delays you, you must let me know. 27. It was clear that ... had happened. 28. … at the airport could tell me ... about the Trianon hotel. 29. It’s a cave. I’d like to find out if there’s ... left inside. 30. He looked at my pictures and he didn’t say ... . 31. Her parents are ... much, you know. I’m afraid you will be disappointed. 32. But in any case, what can ... do? 33. ... had heard a rumour that he led a «wild» life.
Exercise 13. Use the pronoun one in the proper form and, if necessary, with the required article.
1. ... man’s meat is another man’s poison. 2. His parents never appeared in the parish church except on special occasions. 3. Mr Evans’ funeral was such ... . 4. They are six in the family. ... you saw are David and Tommy. 5. Brown’s old car is much better than our new ... . 6. There are woolen gloves and leather ... in the crate. 7. It is the most natural thing to start talking to someone who knows nothing whatever about ... and who is never likely to cross ... way again. 8. He was rather pale, and the expression on his face was ... I had never seen before. 9. «Which girl is Jean?» – « ... in the green dress». 10. «What has happened to all the brushes?» – «I saw ... on the table in the hall». 11. Such ... as you want is very rarely seen.
Exercise 14. Choose between no one and none.
1. ... tried to teach her anything. 2. ... of us is perfect; we all make mistakes. 3. ... of us knew how ill she was. 4. I’m sure you heard it from Mary, ... else could tell you that. 5. ... had anything to gain by his death. 6. I wanted some more coffee but there was ... left. 7. ... of them knows his duty yet. 8. We had ... to give us accurate information, let alone advice. 9. Philip slowly mounted the stairs. ... of his family was yet up. 10. I looked around the room, expecting to see piles of books; ... were visible. 11. … of us knows how much he has suffered. 12. Since ... had an answer to his question, silence fell in the room. 13. He asked for food but his mother said there was ... .14. … of the new men have been able to pass the test. 15. Of all the girls he phoned ... were at home. 16. During that time he saw ... who could tell him what had gone wrong. 17. ... of us were sure of the facts. 18. «Where are the apples?» – «There are ... .» 19. A hundred yards or so from the cottage stood a brick house that looked unfinished. ... in the party gave it a second thought.
Exercise 15. Choose between all and a compound with every-.
1. I shall want to hear ... they say. 2. She took the initiative and herself spoke to ... she knew. 3. He couldn’t help noticing how well dressed ... was. 4. I want ... to be happy. 5. Then, to ...’s surprise, she married someone quite undistinguished. ... who have studied this issue have come to the same conclusion. 6. She believed that ... was watching her. 8. ... of his friends had offered him his help. 9. Soon ... were asleep. 10. The lady laughed immoderately at ... that was said to her. 11. … has been taken away that could be removed. 12. ... felt indignant when he began hitting the boy with his stick.
Exercise 16. Choose between all, every and each.
1. I have ... book he has ever written. 2. He shouted her name twice, ... time banging his fist on the table. 3. He had been brought up by a mother who had taught him that ... pleasure must be paid for. 4. They did not talk much about what ... feared most. 5. ... trunks must be labeled before being deposited in the left-luggage office. 6. He has ... right to know who you are going to marry. 7. That’s the sort of job ... boys like doing. 8. They broke into little groups; ... had his own wonderful story to tell. 9. ... the people were cheering loudly. 10. Before he left the classroom he gave ... boy a task. 11. She had something to say on ... subject. 12. … the money was spent. 13. ... the family were present. 14. And I had to sit out there with ... eye on me. 15. He has ... chance to win. 16. He looked at ... of us in turn. 17. Hugh had ... advantage of education. 18. I’d like you to make ... effort to obtain ... the data we spoke about. 19. Frank’s wasn’t a bad place. The tables had yellow tops which Frank wiped after ... customer. 20. Almost ... boys like sport. 21. The doctor took his gloves out, and pulled one on his left hand, concentrating on ... fold in the leather. 22. The actor could make you hear ... word in the last row of the gallery.
Exercise 17. Use the pronoun other in the proper form and with the required article.
1. I think the first thing to do is to have ... talk with your sister. 2. It was not a large garden, but it was long and narrow. John and I walked right to ... end of it in silence. 3. I talked to a lot of people. Some said that in the same circumstances they would do as they had done before. ... told me that if they had known what it would come to they wouldn’t have ever done it. 4. Then I read the novels of George Meredith one after ... . 5. ... day I made an epigram. I hope you’ll like it. 6. They were going to get punished, one way or ... . 7. The bar was kept by two very nice girls, one was American and ... English. 8. ... people have told me the same thing. 9. That night Kate was gay and could make ... laugh. 10. He was always somewhat indifferent to the feelings of ... . 11. Well, I met him in the club ... night. 12. I made few friends in those days, for I was occupied with ... things. 13. Without ... word he started up the car. 14. He sat in ... arm-chair at the opposite side of the fire-place. 15. The servant opened the door and ushered in ... visitor. 16. Young men and young women would greet me on their way to or from the tennis court. Some found more to say to me than 17.The houses on ... side of the river were built out of gray stone. 18. Some people refused to take the advertisements and walked away and ... dropped them on the grass. 19. Why are you alone? Where are ...? 20. Would you like ... cup of tea?
Exercise 18. Use both, either or neither.
We drove along a wide road with ditches and trees on ... side. 2. Ed and I were ... very big men. 3. He invited us ... , but I knew he felt it irregular; he did not want ... of us at a family party. 4. The verandah stretched on ... side of me. 5. The first apple pie of the season was on the table and a large dish of purple grapes. Muriel was too angry to touch ... . 6. I could hear them ... , but saw ... . 7. Cords were drawn on ... side of the picture gallery on days when the public were admitted. 8. These are ... very gloomy rooms. I’m afraid ... will suit me. 9. ... his legs were broken in the accident. 10. «Which of the two newspapers would you like?» – «Oh, ... will do». 11. She had brown shining hair which hung down on ... side of her face. 12. «What are you going to have, orange juice or Coke?» – « ... . I’m not thirsty». 13. «Tell ... your mother and father that I’m expecting them tonight». – «I’m afraid I won’t see ... of them today». 14. «Which job are you going to take?» – «I’m afraid ... ». 15. She can play with the tennis racket in ... hand. 16. By that time ... his sisters had got married. 17. There were trees on ... bank. 18. You can borrow ... of my two cameras. 19. Nick and Tom are ... my friends. But ... is in the town now. They are ... in the Navy. 20. «What have you written, a short story or an essay?» – «I’m afraid it doesn’t come within ... description». 21. « ... the jars, the big one and the small one, are empty. You can take ... of them». – «I’m afraid ... will do». 22. «She’s … very ill or has gone away». – «What can one do about it in ... case?»
Exercise 19. Use interrogative or conjunctive pronouns.
1. They had brought few books with them ... she hadn’t read. 2. You’re one of the few people ... I’d like to know better. 3. « ... of the two of them is right?» he asked me. 4. I don’t honestly see ... I can do about it. 5. That is the worst news ... we’ve ever had from you. 6. He was compared with everyone ... had ever written a successful travel book and the accents of ... were certainly to be caught in his own works. 7. ... do we call the sea between England and France? 8. I told him everything ... was relevant. 9. ... I saw was a solid-looking brick house. 10. ... pronoun is always written with a capital letter? 11. In this room there was a small grate, on the mantelshelf of ... she had arranged two vases of flowers. 12. Looking at him she wondered ... sort of small boy he had been. 13. ... cost more money, ready-made clothes or tailor-made clothes? 14. All ... they would tell me was that Uncle Nick was ill. 15 … did he say? 16. There had grown between them an understanding ... required no, words. 17. … other things did you buy? 18. Now ... you see all the family together tell me ... you think of us. 19. «I have never been given any of Granny’s things». – « ... about her watch?» 20. It is for you to decide ... is to speak to the chief. 21. They’re a family that would quarrel about ... way a doorknob turns. 22. … quality do you admire in a man? 23. He is the man ... car I noticed in the square. 24. Take these books to your brother and ask him ... are his. 25. Here you ask for «the German», every one will know ... you mean. 26. I didn’t tell her ... it was all about. 27. He examined the official records to find out in ... name the house and plot were registered. 28. They explained ... they wanted. 29. I was sure that ... he said about the girl was true. 30. Later that afternoon Phil went to San Fernando, where he soon found the house in ... the Klement family was said to live. 31. They asked a young woman ... the street was called. 32. Then they were asked ... company they represented and ... sort of factory they intended to put up in the area. 33. Tell me ... daughter you’re going to take along with you and ... is staying behind.
