- •Contents
- •Введение
- •Модульная структура учебного пособия «basic english grammar course»
- •Module I
- •The verbs «to be», «to have»
- •The verb ‘to be’
- •Present Past Future
- •The functions of the verb ‘to be’
- •Exercises Exercise 1. Fill in ’m, ’s, ’re, ’m not, isn’t or aren’t, as in the example.
- •The verb ‘to have’ Present Past Future
- •The functions of the verb ‘to have’
- •Exercises
- •Tasks for self-control module I
- •Revision module I
- •Progress test module I
- •Module II
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Exercises
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Exercises
- •Tasks for self-control module II
- •Revision module II
- •Progress test module II
- •Module III
- •Imperatives. Types of questions
- •Imperative sentences
- •Exercises
- •Types of questions
- •Exercises
- •Tasks for selfcontrol module III
- •Revision module III
- •Progress test module III
- •Module IV the nouns the noun. Plural of nouns
- •Exercises
- •The possessive case of the noun
- •Exercises
- •Tasks for self-control module IV
- •Revision module IV
- •Progress test module IV
- •Module V the quantifiers the numerals
- •Cardinals
- •Ordinals
- •2. The cardinals
- •3. The ordinals
- •Exercises
- •Much, many, little, a little, few, a few
- •Exercises
- •Tasks for self-control module V Task 1. Insert few, little, a few, a little.
- •Task 2. Read and literally translate. Insert articles where necessary.
- •Revision module V
- •Progress test module V
- •Module VI the pronouns types of the pronouns
- •Possessive pronouns
- •Interrogative pronouns
- •Indefinite pronouns
- •Negative pronouns
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 2. Use the appropriate form of the possessive pronoun.
- •Exercise 5. Point out the reflexive pronouns and define their function.
- •Exercise 6. Supply some or any.
- •Exercise 7. Supply somebody or anybody, someone or anyone.
- •Exercise 8. Supply something or anything.
- •Tasks for self-control module VI Task 1. Point out the pronouns in the following sentences and define the class each belongs to.
- •Task 2. Point out conjunctive, relative, and interrogative pronouns.
- •Revision module VI
- •Progress test module VI
- •Module VII the adjectives and adverbs the adjectives. Degrees of comparison
- •3. Polysyllable adjectives.
- •IV. Spelling rules
- •Note 3: There is a group of so called limit adjectives which already have a very strong meaning:
- •Exercises
- •The adverbs
- •Farther - farthest
- •3. Adverbs or adjectives?
- •Exercises
- •Task for self-control Task 1. State the morphological composition of the following adjectives.
- •Task 2. Give the comparative and superlative degrees.
- •Task 3. Use the adjective in the comparative or superlative degree.
- •Task 4. Point out all the substantivised adjectives and state whether they are wholly or partially substantivised.
- •Task 5. State the morphological composition of the following adverbs.
- •Revision
- •Progress test module VII
- •Rating scale
- •Bibliography
Exercises Exercise 1. Fill in ’m, ’s, ’re, ’m not, isn’t or aren’t, as in the example.
1. We aren’t old. We’re young. 2. My favourite sport is tennis. It ... golf. 3. The Pyramids …. in Paris. They’re in Cairo. 4. I ….. from Spain. I’m from Mexico. 5. She isn’t Stella. She ….. Molly. 6. I’m not Bill. I ….. Tom. 7. The Taj Mahal isn’t in Ottawa. It ….. in Agra. 8. They ….. from Poland. They’re from Sweden. 8. Jill ….. my friend. She isn’t my sister. 9. I ….. 24 years old. I’m 27.
Exercise 2. Fill in am, is, or are.
1. Roses and daisies and tulips …are… grown in our flower garden. 2. A garden ….. a place where we grow fruit trees. 3. Fruit ….. good for you to eat. Eating fruit helps us to be healthy. 4. Glass ….. used to make things. Windows ….. made of glass. Glass ….. something hard that you can usually see through. It ….. easy to break glass. 5. I ….. happy. ….. you happy too? 6. A kangaroo ….. a large animal that eats plants. They .…. good jumpers. 7. A mother ….. sometimes called Mom or Mommy. 8. Neighbours ….. people who live near one another. 9. Georgia and Ross ..… not neighbours, they live far from one another.
Exercise 3. Insert was or were.
1. I.... was .... working on a puzzle. I ….. trying to put all the pieces of the puzzle together. 2. Diana’s cold ….. worse yesterday. Her cold is not as bad today as it ….. yesterday. 3. I don’t think you ….. right. 4. A zoo ….. a place where I liked to go when I ….. seven. 5. The rain started to fall from clouds. Some clouds ….. white and puffy. Other clouds ….. big and dark.
Exercise 4. Use the correct form of the verb given in brackets by crossing out the wrong one.
1. The audience (was/were) listening attentively. 2. The jury (has/have) left for discussion. 3. The crowd (is/are) wild today. 4. The club (has/have) expelled them. 5. The committee (was/were) asked to express (its/their) opinion. 6. The crew (was/were) proud of (its/their) ship. 7. The family (is/are) all watching TV. 8. What (was/were) the choir singing when we entered? 9. The Government (go/goes) on holiday in July. 10. (Was/were) all the team young? 11. The police (was/were) working at the place of the accident. 12. The public expressed (its/their) opinion in the press.
Exercise 5. Insert shall be or will be.
Next year I ... shall be ... 30.
Maybe, the weather … better tomorrow.
Do this job today. Tomorrow it … late.
Don’t worry, your children … happy there.
Someday I … cleverer at last. Not now.
I hope her party … on Sunday.
Exercise 6. Choose words from the list to complete the sentences.
Swiss, Egyptian, American, Russian, French, Spanish, Chinese, Polish, Bulgarian, Japanese
A: What nationality are you? – B: I’m . …Japanese… .(Japan)
A: What nationality is she? – B: She’s ….. (the USA)
3 A: What nationality are they? – B: They’re ….. (France)
4 A: What nationality is he? – B: He’s ….. (Switzerland)
5 A: What nationality are they? – B: They’re ….. (Spain)
6 A: What nationality is he? – B: He’s ….. (Poland)
7 A: What nationality is she? – B: She’s ….. (Egypt)
8 A: What nationality are you? – B: I’m ….. (Bulgaria)
9 A: What nationality is he? – B: He’s ….. (Russia)
10 A: What nationality is she? – B: She’s ….. (China)
Exercise 7. Rewrite the following sentences in the negative form.
Model: She was a writer. — She wasn’t a writer.
1. My parents were happy. 2. The bus stop was at the end of the street. 3. Your favourite sport was skating. 4. He was married. 5. We were thirsty. 6. It was cold two days ago. 7. It was dark.
Exercise 8. Form questions according to the model.
A - Jane is late. - Jane is late, isn’t she?
1.He was late. 2. They will be late. 3. He is a doctor. 4. They are busy. 5. You are glad.
B. - It was not dark in the room. - It was not dark in the room, was it?
You will not come, ….. . 2. She was not ill, … . 3. We were not glad to hear that, …. . 4. They will not be at home, ….. . 5. He was not the first to come, ….. . 6. Your friend was not there yesterday, ….. . 7. He won’t arrive in the evening. .... . 8. It wasn’t funny, ….. .
Exercise 9. Ask questions to the following statements.
1. I am a teacher. 2. You are in the classroom. 3. We are all students. 4. Some of the students are boys. 5. Two and two are four. 6. That answer is right. 7. They are here. 8. He is near the window. 9. There are only two books in the picture. 10. There are a great many people in London. 11. There is a book on the table. 12. There is a train at the station. 13. My parents were happy. 14. The bus stop was at the end of the street. 15. Your favourite sport was skating. 16. He was married. 17. We were thirsty. 18. It was cold two days ago. 19. It will be dark soon dark. 20. He will be at college next year.
Exercise 10. Say if the verb «to be» is:
a) notional, b) link verb, c) modal, d) auxiliary.
1. There are a lot of things to do. 2. It’s six o’clock. He is at home at this time. 3. She is too young to understand it. 4. The whole country is going on strike. 5. The new film is to be on at our cinema next week. 6. He is taking his English exam tomorrow. 7. The football match will be shown on TV. 8. The door was open. 9. She is to return on Saturday. 10. It was a nasty day. It was raining cats and dogs. 11.1 was surprised that there was so little traffic in the streets. 12. Sentence 5 is on page 15. 13. What am I to do? 14. Sunday is my day off. 15. My mother was 40 yesterday. 16. Have you ever been in trouble? 17. Salads are often made of vegetables. 18. His pet is called Nancy.
Exercise 11. Translate into English, using ‘to be’.
1. Я студент педагогического института ЮФУ (South Federal University). 2. Его брат – менеджер, а не PR специалист. 3. Ее сестра сейчас на работе. Она - социолог. 4. Он студент факультета лингвистики и словесности - (Slavonic and West European department). 5. Вы бухгалтер (accountant)? - Нет, я врач. 6. Моя подруга была дома вчера, она в отпуске сейчас (to be on a leave). 7. Мы не на занятиях, мы - в общежитии (hostel, hospice). 8. Мой брат – адвокат (lawyer). Он в суде сейчас. 9. Ваша мама дома? - Нет, она на работе. 10. Ваш двоюродный брат дома? - Нет, он на стадионе. Он - спортсмен. 11. Ваша сестра экономист? - Нет, она финансист (financier). 12. Твой папа был на рыбалке (fishing)? — Нет, он был в гараже. 13. Твоя племянница секретарь? - Да. - Она дома? - Нет, она на работе. 14. Мой дедушка - ученый. Он специалист в области лингвистики. 15. Мой дядя – кадровый военный (professional soldier). Он – военный врач (medical officer).
Exercise 12. Translate into English, using ‘to be’.
1. Он здоров, потому что занимается спортом. 2. Ты хорошо себя чувствуешь? Ты выглядишь бледной. 3. Он был прав, когда сказал, что я очень рассеянный (absent-minded). 4. Они не были голодны, поэтому заказали только кофе. 5. Моя бабушка не интересовалась музыкой, но знала группу Битлз (the Beetles). 6. Ты удовлетворен результатами экзаменов? 7. Мы будем рады видеть его. 8. Правда (to be true), что он все еще злится на меня? 9. Он был очень удачлив в бизнесе. 10. Хочешь пить? 11. Ты будешь доволен этим выбором (choice). 12. Она не была больна. Просто плохо себя чувствовала. 13. Чего ты боишься? Ты не ошибешься. Тест очень легкий. 14. Поспеши (Hurry up)! Мы опоздаем. 15. Ты был неправ. Изучение языка – кропотливая (painstaking) работа. 16. Мы будем вовремя. Сейчас нет пробок на дороге (traffic jam). 17. Вся семья была дома, когда мы пришли. 18. Ты женат? Нет, я не женат, но помолвлен (to be engaged). 19. Анны нет дома. Она на работе. 20. Я не интересуюсь классической живописью (classical painting).