Vocabulary to be memorized

1) assault [ ] - наказывать; грозить физическим насилием

assault - нападение; словесное оскорбление и угроза физическим насилием

assault and battery - оскорбительные действия

assault in concert - групповое нападение

assaulter - зачинщик; нападающая сторона;

2) battery [ ] - побои, избиение

action for battery - иск за оскорбление действием;

3) recover [ ] - взыскивать в судебном порядке; выигрывать дело

recover costs - взыскивать издержки

recover damages - взыскивать убытки

recovery - возмещение;

4) offence (ам. offense) [ ]- посягательство; правонарушение; преступление

offence against morality - преступление против нравственности

offence against person - преступление против личности

minor offence - мелкое правонарушение

serious offence - тяжкое преступление

offend - нарушать закон; обижать, оскорблять

offender - обидчик; правонарушитель

habitual (persistent) offender - рецидивист

offensive - оскорбительный; агрессивный

offensive language - оскорбительные слова

offensive weapon - наступательное оружие.

Assignments

1. Read and translate the text.

II. Read, spell and translate the transcribed words.

III. Match the following columns.

угроза право ущерб правонарушение нападать истец промахнуться умственный вредный желание смятение толчок

shove desire miss right threat damage embarrassment harmful plaintiff assault offence mental

IV. Find the following words-combinations in the text and translate these sentences.

To cause a harmful or offensive contact, to commit a battery, to put the victim in fear, to cause a harmful contact, to play a joke, the desire to do harm, to invade the legal right of another person, seriousness of the injury, to shoot but miss a person, to give a person slight shove.

V. Find the sentences with the gerund and translate them. Define the forms of the gerund.

VI. Answer the following questions.

1. Are assault and battery crimes or intentional torts?

2. What is a battery?

3. What is an assault?

4. What kind of an award is required for an intentional tort?

5. What does the damage award for an assault or a battery depend on?

6. What kind of damages can the plaintiff recover for an assault?

7. What kind of damages are recoverable from a battery?

8. Are damages for a battery always greater than for assault?

Unit 11 State and Federal Criminal Laws.

A felony is a crime for which the penalty is imprisonment for up to one year. Felonies are usually the more serious crimes. A misdemeanor is any crime for which the penalty is imprisonment for one year less. Minor traffic violations are not considered crimes, although they are punishable by law. This chapter deals primarily with felonies and major misdemeanors.

The person who commits a crime is called the principal (e.g., the person who fires the gun in a murder). An accomplice is someone who helps another person commit a crime (e.g., the person who drives the getaway car during a bank robbery). An accomplice may be charged with the same crime as the principal. A person who orders a crime or who helps the principal commit the crime but who is not present (e.g., The underworld leader who hires a professional killer) is known as an accessory before the fact. This person can usually be charged with the same crime, and can receive the same punishment as the principal. An accessory after the fact is a person who, knowing a crime has been committed, helps the principal avoid capture or escape. This person is not charged with the original crime but may be charged with harboring a fugitive, aiding the escape, or obstructing justice (sometimes called aiding and abetting).