III. Combine the adjectives with the proper nouns given below:

subserous, inner, lateral, respiratory, pale, human, spinal, anterior, vital, lower, proper, conical

surface, colour, body, coat, column, border, capacity, shape, organs, system, lobe, substance

IV. Fill in the proper preposition:

1. The lungs are located … the lateral cavities of the chest. 2. The lungs are separated from each other … the mediastinum. 3. The lungs are covered … the pleura. 4. The left lung consists … two lobes. 5. The weight of the lung varies according … many conditions. 6. The lungs are conical … shape. 7. The apex of the lung extends … the level of the first rib. 8. We breathe … the lungs. 9. ... infants the lungs are of a pale rose colour.

V. Make up questions to the underlined words:

1. The term “respiration” means the exchange of gases.

2. Exchange of gases takes place between the living organisms and the environment.

3. One calls the exchange of gases respiration.

4. Air is breathed through the nose or the mouth.

5. The lungs are the most important organs of the respiratory system.

6. The lungs are located in the lateral cavities of the chest.

7. The lungs are covered with the pleura.

8. The vital capacity of the lungs is about 3-4 litres.

9. The left lung consists of two lobes.

10. In infants the lungs are of a pale rose colour.

VI. Express your agreement or disagreement with the following:

1. The respiratory system is the system that brings carbon dioxide into the body and

removes oxygen.

2. Air is breathed through the nose or the mouth into the oral cavity.

3. The lungs are the main organs of the cardiovascular system.

4. The lungs are separated by the septum

5. The lungs are oval in form.

6. The weight of the lungs is about 1,350 gr.

7. The vital capacity of the lungs is about 5 litres.

8. The right lung has two lobes and the left one three lobes.

9. Both in infants and adults the lungs are of a pale rose colour.

VII. Give the summary of the text a:

VIII. Translate the text using a dictionary:

Text B

Even in health the air passages carry potentially dangerous bacteria and the lungs are continually exposed to infection by microorganisms in the air. Nothing happens unless resistance is lowered as by a disease. In such conditions the lungs are very vulnerable. Infection primarily of the trachea and bronchi causes bronchitis which can very easily become chronic particularly where the continuous irritation of smoking exists. The characteristic symptoms of chronic bronchitis is a regular cough with sputum.

Inflammation of the lungs from infection by viruses or bacteria is pneumonia. Pneumonia can be classified by the distribution of the affected alveoli. In lobular pneumonia the whole of one lung or segment is involved. Bronchopneumonia affects groups of alveoli close to the larger air passages so that small patches of inflammation are scattered through the lungs. Since the discovery of antibiotic drugs for treating infection there has been less emphasis on the various patterns of pneumonia and more on the species of microbe which determines the choice of drug.