VIII. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:

the most complicated mechanism; the weight of the human brain; to be connected directly and indirectly; the system of communication; constant flow of stimuli; sense organs; to send orders through the nerve fibers; to control vision and hearing; physical movements and emotions; motor cortex; to become tired rapidly; blood pressure; portion of the spinal cord; to be divided into two hemispheres; a thick band; thought, memory and feeling; to make muscles work; breathing and heartbeat

IX. Раскройте скобки:

the pain can (be discharged, be estimated, be controlled)

the area can (be extended, be published, be pumped)

the smell can (be covered, be entered, be felt)

the vision can (be breathed in, be investigated, be complicated)

hearing can (be received, be ordered, be examined)

blood pressure can (be complicated, be decreased, be taken)

memory can (be moved, be felt, be improved)

X. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения:

1. It is in the alveoli that the respiratory metabolism takes place. 2. It is hemoglobin that carries oxygen to different tissues of the human body. 3. It was not until 1628 that blood circulation was described by William Harvey.

XI. Используйте усилительную конструкцию для выделения членов предложения:

1. Prof. Lesgaft understood well the importance of physical culture. 2. During the systole both ventricles of the heart contract. 3. In 1538 Andreas Vesalius published his six volume work “Tabulae Anatomicae”.

XII. Прочтите и переведите текст A.

Text A. THE BRAIN

Scientists consider that our brain is the most complicated mechanism which has ever been constructed. The brain lies in the biggest cavity of the skull which is called the cranial cavity. It is divided into three parts: the medulla, the forebrain consisting mainly of the cerebrum, and the cerebellum. The medulla (or the brain stem) is a portion of the spinal cord connecting it with the brain. The forebrain and the cerebellum are divided into two hemispheres which are connected by a thick band of nerve fibers. These hemispheres have areas called “lobes” which perform specific functions.

The weight of the human brain is from one to two kg. and it consists of about 12 billion (миллиард) cells. It has been determined by the scientists that each cell is connected to the other directly or indirectly by nerve fibers.

The brain is the centre of a wide system of communication. It has been found out that a constant flow of stimuli comes into the brain through the spinal cord. The stimuli come to the brain from our eyes, ears, and other sense organs for pain, temperature, smell and other feelings. When all the received stimuli have been summarized and analyzed the brain sends orders through the nerve fibers in the spinal cord to different parts of the human body. It is due to these orders that one eats, moves, hears, sees and does many other things.

To estimate the functions of different areas of the brain many experiments have been carried out by the investigators. It is due to such experiments that the investigators have been able to determine those areas of the brain which control vision, hearing, physical movements and even emotions. For example, it has been discovered that the part for thought, memory and feeling is found in the front of the cerebrum. The part for hearing is found at the side of the cerebrum and the part for vision is in the back of the cerebrum. The cerebellum is the centre which makes the muscles work as a team. The medulla is connected with such important acts as breathing and heartbeat.

Due to experimental studies it has been determined that the motor cortex controlling many body movements of the human being becomes tired rapidly. But the hypothalamus which controls such functions as blood pressure is almost never tired.

TASKS