VII. Прочтите, определите функцию слова that и переведите предложения:

1. We liked that lecture very much. 2. The function of the liver is different from that of the stomach. 3. The valve that divides the atrium and the ventricle in the left chamber is called the mitral valve. 4. That portion of the alimentary tract which forms the large intestine consists of caecum, colon and rectum. 5. The brain of the man is heavier than that of any lower animal. 6. The scientist determined that the heart consisted of thin vascular tubes. 7. The vital capacity of the lung in the male is bigger than that in the female.

VIII. Закончите предложения одним из предложенных вариантов и переведите их:

1. The lecturer told us that the total weight of the blood pumped by the heart daily …

a. is ten tons

b. was ten tons

c. had ten tons

2. Before Visalius the scientists considered that the left and the right heart chambers ..

a. are connected by the valves

b. connected by the valves

c. were connected by the valves

3. He read in the book that ancient Greeks … arteries “air ducts”.

a. called

b. call

c. were called

4. The physician determined that the patient …

a. has pneumonia

b. was pneumonia

c. had pneumonia

IX. Переведите следующие предложения:

1. Врач сказал, что он знает этого пациента.

2. Хирург сказал, что эта операция не опасна.

3. Мы знали, что эта медсестра работает в хирургическом отделении.

4. Они сказали, что могут помочь нам.

5. Я был уверен, что он не болен.

X. Прочтите и переведите текст:

Text A. THE ALIMENTARY TRACT

The alimentary tract is a musculomembraneous canal about 8.5 metres in length. It extends from the oral cavity to the anus. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The liver with the gallbladder and the pancreas are the large glands of the alimentary tract.

The first division of the alimentary tract is formed by the mouth. Important structures of the mouth are the teeth and the tongue which is the organ of taste. The soft and hard palates and the salivary glands are also in the oral cavity.

From the mouth food passes through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach. The stomach is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. The stomach serves as a container of food which is partly digested in it. The capacity of the stomach is from 2.14 to 4.28 litres.

The intestines occupy chiefly the central portions of the abdominal cavity which is the largest cavity in the body separated from the thoracic one by the diaphragm. From the stomach the food passes in small portions into the small intestine where it undergoes further mechanical and chemical changes. The small intestine is a thin-walled muscular tube about 6.5 metres long. It is composed of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

As the contents of the small intestine cannot move back they may freely pass into the large intestine which is about 1.5 metres long. The large intestine is divided into caecum, colon and rectum.

The liver is the largest gland in the human body that weights about 1.5 kg. It is in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. Everybody must know that the liver plays a very important role in the vital activities of the organism. It secretes bile which participates in the digestive process and has a defensive function, i.e. some toxic substances are detoxified in the liver.

The gallbladder is a hollow sac lying beneath the right lobe of the liver. It serves as a bile reservoir.

The pancreas is a long thin gland lying under and behind the stomach. It secretes digestive juice containing enzymes and other substances which take part in the chemical processes of digestion.

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