Tomato is world’s most popular fruit.

Cultivate ['kʌltɪveɪt] – выращивать

Boast [bəust] – хвастать

Research [rɪ'sɜːʧ] – исследование

Consumption [kən'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n] – потребление

Lycopene – ликопин

Compound ['kɔmpaund] - соединение

Amino acids – аминокислоты

Nightshade ['naɪtʃeɪd] – бот. паслён, белладонна

Survey ['sɜːveɪ] – опрос

Edible ['edɪbl] – съедобный

Root [ruːt] - корень, корнеплод

Favor ['feɪvə] –вкус

The tomato is the world’s most popular fruit. Just the pumpkin, botanically speaking is a fruit, not a vegetable. More than 60 million tons of tomatoes are produced per year, 16 million tons more than the second most popular fruit, the banana. Apples are the third most popular (36 million tons), then oranges (34 million tons) and watermelons (22 million tons).

Tomatoes were first cultivated in 700 AD by Aztecs and Incas. Explorers returning from Mexico introduced the tomatoes into Europe, where it was first mentioned in 1556. The French called it “the apple of love”, the German “the apple of paradise”.

Tomatoes are rich in vitamins A and C and fiber, and are cholesterol free. An average size tomato (148 gram, or 5 oz) boasts 35 calories. Furthermore, new medical research suggests that the consumption of lycopene –the stuff that makes tomatoes red –may prevent cancer. Lycopene is part of the family of pigments called carotenoids, which are natural compounds that create the colors of fruits and vegetables. For example, beta carotene is the orange pigment in carrots. As with essential amino acids, they are not produced by the human body. Lycopene is the most powerful antioxidant in the carotenoids family and, with vitamins C and E, protect us from the free radicals that degrade many parts of the body.

The scientific term for the common tomato is lycopersicon lycopersicum, which means “wolf peach”. It is a cousin of the eggplant, red pepper, ground cherry, potato, and the highly toxic belladonna, also known as the nightshade or solanaccae. There are more than 10000 varieties of tomatoes.

Tomatoes are used in many food products, including, of course, tomato sauce (ketchup), pasta and pizza. Chefs use canned tomatoes for convenience, quality and flavoring.

A fruit is an edible part of the plant that contains the seeds, while a vegetable is the edible stems, leaves, and roots of the plant.

Cooked tomatoes have higher concentrations of lycopene than non-cooked tomatoes.

Don’t store ripe tomatoes in the fridge. Cold temperature lessens the flavor in tomatoes.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions.

1. What is the scientific term for the tomato?

2. Who cultivated tomatoes first?

3. How do French and German call tomatoes?

4. What are tomatoes rich in?

5. Which disease can tomatoes prevent?

6. What makes tomatoes red?

7. Which products are tomatoes used in?

8. Which tomatoes do higher concentrations of lycopene have?

9. How are tomatoes stored?

10. Which dishes are tomatoes used in?

Degrees of comparison (степени cравнения прилагательных).

Adjectives (Прилагательные. Положительная степень)		Comparative (Сравнительная степень)	Superlative (Превосходная степень)
		+ er	The…..+est
Односложные и некоторые двусложные прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на – y,er, ow,le	dark nice narrow big lazy	darker nicer narrower bigger lazier	the darkest the nicest the narrowest the biggest the laziest
Многосложные	handsome expensive	more handsome more expensive	the most handsome the most expensive
Исключения	good	better	the best
	bad	worse	the worst
	old	older /elder (ук. cтаршинство, например, my elder sister – моя старшая сестра)	the oldest/the eldest
	far	farther/further further используется в значении: further information –дополнительная информация further education – дополнительное образование	the farthest/the furthest
	little	less	the least
	many/much	more	the most

His apple is small, he wants a bigger one. Его яблоко маленькое, он хочет яблоко побольше.

The wine is stronger than I expected. Вино крепче, чем я ожидал.

This soup is the worst of all I tried. Этот суп самый плохой из всех, которые я пробовал.

This dish is the most delicious in the restaurant. Это блюдо самое вкусное в ресторане.

As…..as –такой же …как и

The girl was as beautiful as her mother. Девочка была такая же красивая, как и ее мама.

Twice as ….as – в два раза ….чем

Your dish is twice as cheap as mine. Твоё блюдо в два раза дешевле моего.

The …. the – чем…тем

I want a big cake, the bigger the better. Я хочу большой торт, чем больше, тем лучше.

Like/as -как

She sings like the famous singer. Она поет как известная певица.

Your tea is not so good as the tea my husband makes. Твой чай не такой вкусный, как готовит его мой муж.

Exercise 1.Find out comparative and superlative adjectives in the text « Tomato is world’s most popular fruit».

Exercise 2. Use the adjectives in the comparative or superlative degrees or complete the gabs with as..as, the..the or as/like.

1. The canteen on Vladimirskaya Street is (old) building in the city.

2. We need (far) discussions to make a decision.

3. I think a marrow is (good) than an aubergine.

4. Your pancakes are not so good ___ Mark’s.

5. May I have (many) sugar in my coffee?

6. Tom is my (old) son.

7. In my opinion, oranges are __ tasty __apples.

8. This district is (far) in the town.

9. This new cook fries salmon ___ the chef.

10. That waiter was (lazy) of all in the café.

11. Your cook book is three times __ little __ mine.

12. Today the chef has spent (little) time for сooking.

13. John usually cooks (bad) than me. But the chicken salad he cooked yesterday was (tasty) I’ve ever tried.

14. ___ more I read, ___ more I know.

15. The new menu is (perfect) than the old one.

Exercise 3.Translate sentences from Russian into English.

1. Цены здесь не такие высокие как в другой столовой.

2. Дальнейшие инструкции вы получите после обеда.

3. Стоимость первого блюда в два раза меньше второго.

4. Чем быстрее вы выполните свою работу, тем лучше.

5. Мне кажется, приготовить мясо проще, чем суп.

6. Детям следует есть фрукты и овощи, т.к. они полезнее многих других продуктов.

7. Кафе было меньше, но комфортнее, чем ресторан.

8. Дыня такая же большая, как и арбуз.

9. Туристы находят русскую кухню самой популярной среди всех.

10. На улице стало теплее, и гости пересели на веранду.

11. Сумах такой же кислый как лимон.