- •Введение.
- •Английский алфавит. Правила чтения английских соглассных.
- •Правила чтения сочетаний согласных букв.
- •Правила чтения английских гласных.
- •Правила чтения сочетаний английских гласных.
- •Unit 1. Спряжение глагола to be-быть в настоящем времени.
- •Артикль.
- •Притяжательный падеж существительных.
- •Личныe и притяжательные местоимения.
- •About myself.
- •Vocabulary.
- •College life.
- •Unit 2. Конструкция there is (there are).
- •Предлоги места, направления и времени.
- •Present simple (настоящее простое время).
- •Глагол to have и оборот have got.
- •Six questions about being a professional chef.
- •Vocabulary.
- •Kitchen staff.
- •Vocabulary. Sous-chef- су-шеф (заместитель, помощник шеф-повара)
- •Uniform.
- •Vocabulary.
- •Unit 3.
- •Vegetables, fruit, herbs and spices.
- •Herbs and spices.
- •Tomato is world’s most popular fruit.
- •Degrees of comparison (степени cравнения прилагательных).
- •Fruit. Berries. Desserts.
- •Strawberries filled with cream
- •Ingredients:
- •Best fruit for bodybuilding
- •Unit 4. Drinks/ beverages. Drinking cultures around the world.
- •English Wine List
- •Sparkling Wines
- •Unit 5. Meat.
- •Vegetarians vs meat-eaters.
- •Recipes Roast pork cutlets with crisp black pudding and ragoût of white beans and apple by Bryn Williams
- •Ingredients
- •Pork meatballs with curry sauce by Bill Granger
- •Ingredients
- •Sichuan beef with noodles by Ken Hom
- •Ingredients
- •Lamb and bulgar wheat-stuffed aubergines by Simon Rimmer
- •Ingredients
- •Unit 6. Fish and seafood.
- •Fish pie
- •Ingredients:
- •Salmon with sesame greens and ginger-soy dressing
- •Ingredients:
- •Prawn and potato curry
- •Ingredients:
- •Fish burger
- •Ingredients:
- •Idioms.
- •The past simple tense (простое прошедшее время).
- •Unit 7. Dairy products.
- •Happy cows give better milk
- •Milk shake
- •Ingredients:
- •Classic Chocolate Milk Shake
- •Ingredients:
- •Porridge
- •Ingredients:
- •Egg dishes.
- •Eggs are popular all over the world.
- •Unit 8. Confectionary/pastry/sweets.
- •Chocolate Marshmallow Fudge
- •Ingredients:
- •Ingredients:
- •Chocolate Sponge Cake
- •Ingredients:
- •Cream Scone
- •Ingredients:
- •Unit 9. At supermarket.
- •Much/many/(a)little/(a)few.
- •Unit 10. How to lay a cover. English Breakfast.
- •Tableware for Breakfast.
- •Rules of setting a table for breakfast. Tea Tray
- •Breakfast Settings
- •Using cutlery and plates
- •Tableware for lunch and dinner.
- •Unit 11. Healthy food.
- •Do you know?
- •6 Snacks those are healthier than they seem
- •Сложное дополнение (complex object).
- •Best Ways to Prepare Foods.
- •Unit 12. Food around the world. Russian cuisine.
- •Meat dishes
- •Pies and pancakes
- •Vegetables
- •Ukrainian cuisine.
- •Passive voice (страдательный залог).
- •Typical traditional English drinks. Traditional Lemonade
- •Shandy Gaff
- •Cider Cup
- •Cherry Brandy
- •Mulled Wine
- •Italian cuisine.
- •Asian cuisine Asian recipes
- •Conditional clauses. Условные предложения.
- •Ingredients:
- •Ingredients:
- •Ingredients for noodles:
- •Ingredients:
- •Ingredients:
- •Unit 13. The united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland.
- •Vocabulary.
- •1. Read the text and choose the right word. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
- •2. Answer the question.
- •1. Read the text and choose the right word. Climate and Nature.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •1. Read the text and choose the right word. London.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •Unit 14. The united states of america.
- •Vocabulary.
- •1.Read the text and choose the right word. The United States of America.
- •2. Answer the question.
- •1. Read the text and choose the right word. Washington.
- •2. Answer the question.
- •1. Read the text and choose the right word. New York.
- •2. True or false.
- •Unit 15. Travelling. Travelling by train.
- •Travelling by plane.
- •Vocabulary.
- •Unit 16. At the hotel.
- •The five common complaints (This text will help you to avoid the complaints)
- •Unit 17.
- •In the city.
- •Asking for and giving directions.
- •Past perfect- прошедшее совершенное время.
- •Типы вопросов в английском языке.
- •Согласоваие времен. Косвенная речь.
- •Речевой этикет.
Past perfect- прошедшее совершенное время.
Past Perfect (Прошедшее совершенное время) употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия, совершившегося до определенного момента в прошлом, который определяется обстоятельством времени: предлогом by (к) или другим более поздним прошедшим временем или контекстом.
I had cooked dinner by 3 o`clock.
She had already left when I came home.
Past Perfect так же употребляется в главных предложениях, начинающихся наречиями hardly (scarcely) (едва), nо sooner ... (как только, едва). В таких предложениях применяется обратный порядок слов, т. е. вспомогательный глагол стоит перед подлежащим. В придаточных предложениях, связанных с этими главными предложениями, употребляется Past Indefinite: Scarcely (hardly) had he finished his work when somebody knocked at the door. Едва он окончил работу, как кто-то постучал в дверь.
Past Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола had и причастия прошедшего времени значимого глагола, то есть его «третьей формы» ( had+V3).
She had done all her homework by 7 o`clock yesterday.
Had she done all her homework by 7 o`clock yesterday?
She hadn`t done all her homework by 7 o`clock yesterday.
Exercise 1. Open the brackets, using Past Simple or Past Perfect.
Jane (to wash) all the test-tubes after she (to complete) the experiment.
She (to do) the cleaning by 6 o’clock yesterday.
After the stewardesses (to serve) lunch to the passengers, they (to calm) down.
I (not to have) my watch, so I (not to know) the exact time.
He (to feel) sick because he (to eat) too much.
She (to finish) her report, and was feeling rather tired, so she (to go) to bed.
By two o’clock he (to answer) all the letters he (to receive).
The bus (to leave) before I (to reach) the bus station.
As soon as they (to finish) breakfast, they (to run) out to play.
When we (to meet) our friends they (already to know) the news.
When you (to call) me, I (not yet to do) the sum.
She (to intend) to make a cake for you, but she (to run) out of time.
Hardly we (to go) to bed when somebody (to knock) at the door.
No sooner she (to come) than she (to fall) ill.
Exercise 2. Construct sentences, using Past Perfect.
Model: hardly-when, scarcely-when, no sooner-than
Hardly had we left home when the rain began.
Come home – switch on TV.
Walk a mile –rain.
Sit down – telephone.
Come to the office – the manager call.
Close the door – the bell ring.
Start the trip – the temperature fall.
Open the bag – find the key.
Exercise 3. Correct the errors if necessary.
I was sorry that I forgot to phone him.
He went to France for the first time to study cooking.
She felt better after she took the medicine.
My sister had visited four countries last year.
It was 10 o`clock. He had finished his composition.
Did you clean the house by 6 o`clock?
Last month Kate went to Bulgaria. She had never been to this country before.
Richard said that he didn`t see them before.
Hardly we left the house, it started raining.
After we had washed our hands, we started our meal.
Exercise 4. Translate into English, using Past Perfect.
Не успели мы подойти к остановке, как подъехал автобус.
Мы закончили работу к 5 часам.
Вчера он купил часы, так как потерял свои старые.
Я был дома уже два часа, когда он пришел.
Едва мы его увидели, как поняли, что что-то случилось.
Едва я дотронулась до плиты, как почувствовала, что обожгла пальцы.
Том решил, что кто-то украл его велосипед.
Он сказал нам, что ездил в отпуск к морю.
К утру дождь прекратился.
Было гораздо холоднее, чем она предполагала.
